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SCI225 Final
Nightingale Pathophysiology Summer 2022 Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Leukemia is classified as | Acute or chronic |
| A patient has a thrombosis. While reviewing the history, the nurse found the patient has atherosclerosis. To which component of the Virchow triad does the atherosclerosis correlate? | Endothelial Injury |
| Hypersplenism occurs when: | The spleen is overactive |
| The best treatment for multiple myeloma: | Chemotherapy |
| Wha type of cell is most affected by acute leukemia? | Blast cell |
| You observe a platelet count of 9000/mm3 . Which condition must you monitor for in this patient? | Spontaneous bleeding |
| Which symptoms should you assess for in a patient with Hodgkin's Lymphoma? | Night sweats, low-grade fevers, weight loss |
| A patient has lymphoblastic lymphoma. Which organ is most affected? | Thymus |
| A patient has multiple myeloma. Which area in the body does the nurse closely monitor for the tumor masses? | Bones |
| A patient has AIDS. Which lab report should the nurse monitor closely? | Lymphocyte counts |
| Aortic stenosis results in the incomplete emptying of the: | Left ventricle |
| One complication of sustained hypertension is: | Anemia |
| Mitogens such as angiotensin II, and growth factors stimulate | Smooth muscle proliferation |
| If a patient's history indicates that the cardiac valve disease is autosomal dominant, which diagnosis will the nurse observe written in the chart? | Mitral valve prolapse |
| Prinzmetal agina is caused by: | Vasospasm |
| A patient is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures does the nurse assess for in this patient? | Right-sided heart failure |
| A patient's coronary blood flow is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the myocytes. Which term will the nurse use to describe this process? | Myocardial ischemia |
| A nurse is asked why myocardial ischemia is usually reversible within 20 minutes. What is the nurses best response? | Anaerobic metabolism maintains cellular integrity for approximately 20 minutes. |
| The main white blood cell that plays a role in the development of the fatty streak in atherosclerosis is: | Macrophage |
| Secondary hypertension is caused by: | An underlying disease process or medication that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output |
| High ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio can be caused by: | Obstruction to pulmonary blood flow |
| Dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat and is common in individuals with heart failure is: | Orthopnea |
| All disorders associated with ARDS cause massive pulmonary: | Inflammation |
| A patient has recently developed chronic bronchitis. Which assessment finding is typical for this patient? | A productive cough |
| What term is used to describe hypertrophy of the nailbeds due to chronic hypoxemia? | Clubbing |
| A patient has pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. PCP suspects a pulmonary embolus. Which lab test should the nurse check to help confirm this diagnosis? | D-dimer levels |
| Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is experiencing dyspnea? | Feelings of shortness of breath |
| A patient in the ER reports shortness of breath, coughing up blood and "feeling tired all the time". The patient is feverish. What medical condition should the nurse suspect? | Tuberculosis |
| An area where alveoli are ventilated but not perfused is termed: | Alveolar dead space |
| Obstruction to pulmonary blood flow results in: | Decreased perfusion and a high V/Q ratio |
| The development of sensory and motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis is caused by: | Immunologic and inflammatory demyelination of the centra nervous system neurons |
| Autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by: | Stimulation of sensory/pain receptors at or below the level of spinal cord lesion |
| While reviewing a patient's health history, which finding will most alert the nurse to the possible development of a chronic subdural hematoma? | Prior brain atrophy |
| Acquired chronic autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction: | Myasthenia Gravis |
| A patient has a saccular aneurysm. Which term can the nurse use to describe this type of aneurysm? | Berry |
| The nurse suspects that the spinal cord injured patient is experiencing autonomic hyperreflexia. Which symptoms would support this suspicion? | Headache and hypertension |
| In classic cerebral concussion, consciousness is lost for up to how many hours? | 6 |
| A degenerative disorder of both upper and lower motor neurons that causes progressive muscle weakness and wasting: | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) / Lou Gehrig's disease |
| A nurse is caring for a patient with a closed head injury. Which term should the nurse use when describing the injury? | Blunt trauma |
| A patient has a recent spinal cord injury. What term should the nurse use to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury? | Spinal shock |
| A 14 year-old girl has failed to develop secondary sex characteristics . Which term should be used for this condition? | Primary amenorrhea |
| What term is used when describing the occurrence of sexual maturation in girls before the age of 6 and in boys before the age of 9? | Precocious puberty |
| Dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of skin, hair, glands, muscle, cartilage, and bone that can eventually develop into: | Ovarian cancer |
| Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include: | Obesity, early menarche, and late menopause |
| Exposure in utero to non-steroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES]) also has been identified as a risk factor for: | Vaginal cancer |
| An abnormal dilation of a vein with the spermatic cord that can lead to infertility is known as: | Varicocele |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome results in stimulation of follicle growth without ovulation and generally leads to: | Infertility |
| Benign ovarian cysts are classified as: | Follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, or dermoid |
| What intervention is recommended for patients with benign breast disease? | Monitoring the intake of caffeine/chocolate |
| Tissue damage in acute pancreatitis is caused by: | Leakage of pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic tissue |
| The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is | Alcohol abuse |
| A patient has a small bowel obstruction. What are the classic symptoms? | Vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, abdominal distension. |
| What will be included in the initial assessment finding for a stress ulcer in a patient who sustained severe trauma? | Gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Gastrectomy surgery commonly leads to a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia because: | Decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin B |
| Reflux esophagitis is defined as: | An inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux |
| The most common cause of portal hypertension is: | Liver cirrhosis |
| Malabsorption of what vitamin due to injury of the mucosa of the ileum is a common characteristic of Crohn’s disease? | Vitamin B12 |
| Disorders most commonly associated with bright red blood in the stools: | Colorectal cancer |
| What interventions will the nurse include in a care plan for a patient with GERD? | Weight reduction, smoking cessation, and elevation of the bed 6" to help alleviate symptoms |
| Which lab test result will be elevated in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? | Fibrin degradation products |
| Neutrophilia and left-shift are most commonly associated with: | a bacterial infection |
| Inflammatory cytokines released by Hodgkin's Lymphoma tumors often cause: | Night sweats, low grate fevers, weight loss |
| The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is: | Parathyroid gland injury or removal |
| Pathophysiology of IDDM involves | Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells |
| A major cause of myxedema coma is: | Untreated hypothyroidism |
| A patient is experiencing a thyroid storm. Which assessment findings will the nurse observe? | High levels of TH in conjunction with high levels of stress hormones, fever, tachycardia, high output heart failure |
| Fibromyalgia specifically manifests with: | Trigger/tender point pain |
| A patient has a fracture that broke into several fragments. Which type of fracture did the patient sustain? | Comminuted |
| A factor that contributes to the development of osteoporosis in older women is: | Decreased estrogen levels |
| Pain and inflammation associated with gout are caused by crystallization of: | Uric Acid |
| Severe trauma can result in the release of myoglobin from skeletal muscle cells causing a life-threatening condition called: | Rhabdomyolysis |
| What develops if the flow of oxygen content of coronary blood is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of myocardial cells? | Myocardial ischemia |
| A productive cough for at least three months is indicative of: | Chronic bronchitis |
| The sensation of feeling short of breath: | Feeling short of breath |
| Rheumatoid arthritis results from joint inflammation caused by | Autoimmune injury |
| A set of pins connected to stabilizing bars on the outside of the patient is a type of treatment for fractures called: | External fixation |
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stacey_b24
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