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VET115-Lg. Animal Dz
Dairy Cattle Management
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dairy production | makes milk, cheeses, cheese products, butter, etc. |
| Veal | meat from young (usually bull calves) |
| Farm Expense | feed expense is 50% of farm expense, has a ^$500,000 capital investment |
| Average US Herd | 100+ milking cows, 30+ dry cows, 100+ replacement heifers and calves |
| Ideal Cow | producing more than 20,000 lbs of milk every 305 days, more than 3.5% milk fat or more than 3.5% milk protein. |
| Nutrition | -grains and concentrates -roughages -minerals -alternate energy sources like animal fats -feeds are often fed as TMR (total mixed rations) |
| Lactation Needs | requirements of lactation are high and are highest during the first 2-4 months of lactation, higher during breeding back, during last 1/3 of pregnancy |
| Body Condition Score (BCS) | based on a scale 1-5 or 1-9, 1 = emaciated and 5 or 9 =obese. Want animals to be around 3-4/5-7 for optimum body condition and health. |
| Dry Cows | keep these cows in good condition, keep separate from milking cows, decrease concentrate and grain intake, can treat w/ intra-mammary infusion to prevent mastitis, dry for 45-60 days, routine vaccs program for herd health. |
| Replacement Herd | heifers, feed good quality legumes and top-dress grain if needed, breed at 15 months to calve at 24 months, routine vaccs program (herd health). |
| Calves | require adequate colostrums within first 24 hours, dip naval stump with antiseptic, clean pens and keep dry, feed whole milk or replacer for 1st 6 wks, access o water and food, vaccinate heifers for brucellosis between 4-10 (or 12) months. |
| Overall Health | -good conformation -good feet -healthy udders -reproductively sound -control mastitis -evaluate milk production |
| Milking Facilities | pipeline and parlor |
| Procedures | properly prepped *must stimulate milk letdown), milked out completely, teat dip. |
| Pasteurized milk | this step prevents Bang's Dz (brucellosis) and Tuberculosis. Feeding balance diets and vaccination can prevent disease spread. |
| Mastitis Prevention | prevention includes routine testing, proper milking techniques/cleanliness, tx of infected cows, cull chronically infected cows. |
| Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) | national cooperative dairy herd improvement program (NCDHIP) has protocols for record keeping, testing, and animal info meant to improve quality of herds. |
| Records must include: | -birth date, pregnancies, milk production in lbs./year, milk fat test, protein test, somatic cell count, previous lactations, monitoring disease. |
| Bovine Growth Hormone (BGH or BST) | this is administered as an injection, is given to increase feed consumption and in turn increase milk production, is illegal in some countries. |
| Hoof Care | this is more common for dairy cows, usually in a rotation of herd health, need to be trimmed yearly/bi-yearly, need to be treated more often for hairy warts and/or foot rot |
| Implants | can be used to synchronize estrous, same method as beef. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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