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MT Vocabulary
Full words Pt. I
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eponym | Terms derived from a name or a place |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of glandular tissue |
| adenoma | tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign) |
| carcinoma (CA) | cancerous tumor (malignant) |
| chloroma | tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue) |
| epithelioma | tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant) |
| fibroma | tumor composed of fiber/fibrous tissue (benign) |
| fibrosarcoma | malignant tumor composed of fiber/fibrous tissue |
| leiomyoma | tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign) |
| leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
| lipoma | tumor composed of fat (benign) |
| liposarcoma | malignant tumor of fat |
| melanocarcinoma | cancerous black tumor (malignant) |
| melanoma | black tumor (primarily of the skin) |
| myoma | tumor composed of muscle (benign) |
| neoplasm | new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign or malignant) |
| neuroma | tumor composed of nerve (benign) |
| rhabdomyoma | tumor composed of striated muscle (benign) |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of striated muscle |
| sarcoma | tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage); highly malignant |
| incidentaloma | refers to a mass lesion involving an organ that is discovered unexpectedly by the use of ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI and has nothing to do with the patient's symptoms or primary diagnosis |
| cytogenic | producing cells |
| cytoid | resembling a cell |
| cytology | study of cells |
| cytoplasm | cell substance |
| dysplasia | abnormal development |
| epithelial | pertaining to epithelium |
| erythrocyte (RBC) | red blood cell |
| erythrocytosis | increase in the number of red blood cells |
| histology | study of tissue |
| hyperplasia | excessive development (number of cells) |
| hypoplasia | incomplete development (of an organ or tissue) |
| karyocyte | cell with a nucleus |
| karyoplasm | substance of a nucleus |
| leukocyte (WBC) | white blood cell |
| leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| lipoid | resembling fat |
| myopathy | disease of the muscle |
| neuroid | resembling a nerve |
| organomegaly | enlargement of an organ |
| somatic | pertaining to the body |
| somatogenic | originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychogenic) |
| somatopathy | disease of the body |
| somatoplasm | body substance |
| systemic | pertaining to a body system, or the body as a whole |
| visceral | pertaining to the internal organs |
| prognosis | to foretell the course of a disease |
| cancerous | pertaining to cancer |
| carcinogen | substance that causes cancer |
| carcinogenic | producing cancer |
| cyanosis | abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration, especially of skin) |
| diagnosis (Dx) | state of complete knowledge |
| etiology | study of causes of diseases |
| iatrogenic | produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician) |
| iatrology | study of medicine |
| metastasis (pl. metastases) (METS) | beyond control (transfer of cells form one organ to another, as in malignant tumors) |
| oncogenic | causing tumors |
| oncologist | physician who studies and treats malignant tumors |
| oncology | study of tumors |
| organic | pertaining to an organ |
| pathogenic | producing disease |
| pathologist | physician who studies diseases |
| pathology | study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death) |
| xanthochromic | pertaining to yellow color |
| xanthosis | abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration) |
| afebrile | without fever |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death; a mechanism for cell deletion to regulate cell population, or destroy damaged or defective cells |
| necrosis | abnormal, detrimental cell death caused by external conditions such as infection, trauma, or toxins |
| benign | not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery |
| biological therapy (biotherapy; immunotherapy) | treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system |
| carcinoma in situ | cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue |
| chemotherapy (chemo) | treatment of cancer with drugs |
| encapsulated | enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated |
| exacerbation | increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms |
| febrile | having a fever |
| hospice | provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families |
| idiopathic | pertaining to disease of unknown origin |
| inflammation | localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
| in vitro | outside the body or in a lab setting |
| in vivo | within the living body |
| malignant | tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer |
| morbidity | state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population |
| mortality | state of being mortal (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population |
| palliative | providing relief but not cure |
| radiation therapy (XRT) | treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation |
| remission | improvement or absence of signs of disease |
| caudad | toward the tail (or the inferior portion of the trunk; downward) |
| cephalad | toward the head (upward) |
| lateral (lat) | pertaining to a side |
| medial (med) | pertaining to the middle |
| unilateral | pertaining to one side |
| bilateral | pertaining to two sides |
| mediolateral | pertaining to the middle and to the side |
| distal | pertaining to away from the point of attachment of a body part |
| proximal | pertaining to near the point of attachment of a body part |
| inferior (inf) | pertaining to below |
| superior (sup) | pertaining to above |
| caudal | pertaining to the tail |
| cephalic | pertaining to the head |
| anterior (ant) | pertaining to the front |
| posterior | pertaining to the back |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back |
| ventral | pertaining to the belly (front) |
| anteroposterior (AP) | pertaining to the front and to the back |
| posteroanterior (PA) | pertaining to the back and to the front |
| frontal/coronal plane | a vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| midsagittal plane | vertical plane passing through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves |
| parasagittal plane | vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into unequal left and right sides |
| sagittal | vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane) |
| transverse | horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions |
| Fowler position | semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees |
| Fowler position variations: low fowler | head only slightly elevated, less than 30 degrees |
| Fowler position variations: semi-fowler | head elevated between 30 and 45 degrees |
| Fowler position variations: fowler | head elevated between 45 and 60 degrees |
| Fowler position variations: high fowler | head elevated between 60 and 90 degrees |
| lateral recumbent position | lying on the side; right or left precede the term to indicate which side |
| lithotomy position | lying on the back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted (away from body) and externally rotated |
| orthopnea position (orthopneic) | sitting upright in a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back; sometimes the patient tilts forward resting on a pillow supported by an overbed table |
| prone position (ventral recumbent) | lying on abdomen, facing downward |
| recumbent position (decubitus) | lying down in any position |
| Sims position | lying on the side in a semi-prone position with the knee drawn up toward the chest and the arm drawn behind parallel to the back |
| supine position (dorsal recumbent) | lying on back, facing upward |
| Trendelenburg position | lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet |
| umbilical region (1) | around the navel (umbilicus) |
| lumbar regions (2) | to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist |
| epigastric region (1) | superior to the umbilical region |
| hypochondriac regions (2) | to the right and left of the epigastric region |
| hypogastric region (1) | inferior to the umbilical region |
| iliac regions (2) | to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin (inguinal regions) |
| cyberchondria | describes a pattern of using internet research to self-diagnose symptoms, fueling health anxiety and worry |
| Right upper quadrant (RUQ) | encompasses the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, medial portion of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines |
| Left upper quadrant (LUQ) | encompasses the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, lateral portion of the pancreas, and portions of the large and small intestines |
| Right lower quadrant (RLQ) | Encompasses portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the right spermatic duct in men |
| Left lower quadrant (LLQ) | Encompasses portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in men |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin; protects the body from the external environment |
| keratin | scleroprotein component of the horny, or cornified, layer of the epidermis; primary component of the hair and nails |
| melanin | dark pigment produced by melanocytes; amount present determines skin color |
| hair | compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers |
| nails | horny plates made from flattened epithelial cells; found on the dorsal surface of the ends of the fingers and toes |
| sebaceous glands | secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis |
| sudoriferous glands | sweat glands; tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat |
| dermis | inner layer of skin; responsible for its flexibility and mechanical strength |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermatoconiosis | abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust |
| dermatofibroma | fibrous tumor of the skin |
| hidradenitis | inflammation of a sweat gland |
| keratosis | abnormal condition (growth) of horny tissue (keratin) |
| leiodermia | condition of smooth skin |
| onychocryptosis | abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail) |
| onychomalacia | softening of the nails |
| onychomycosis | abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails |
| onychophagia | eating the nails (nail biting) |
| pachyderma | thickening of the skin |
| paronychia | diseased state around the nail |
| seborrhea | discharge of sebum (excessive) |
| xanthoma | yellow tumor (benign, primarily in the skin) |
| xeroderma | dry skin (a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling) |
| abrasion | scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury |
| abscess | localized collection of pus |
| acne | inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles |
| actinic keratosis | precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight; may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma |
| albinism | congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment (melanin) in the skin, hair, and eyes |
| basal cell carcinoma (BCC) | malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer; seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue and may recur in the same location |
| candidiasis | infection of the skin, mouth (thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus candida albicans; candida is normally present in the mucus membranes, but overgrowth causes an infection |
| carbuncle | infection of skin and subQ tissue composed of a cluster of boils; caused by staphylococcal bacteria |
| cellulitis | inflammation of the skin and subQ tissue caused by infection |
| contusion | a bruise; injury with no break in the skin, characterized by discoloration |
| eczema | noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching |
| fissure | slit or crack-like sore in the skin |
| furuncle | also called a boil; painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle |
| gangrene | death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (a form of necrosis) |
| herpes | inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters; many types of herpes exist |
| impetigo | superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci |
| infection | invasion of pathogens in body tissue; may be caused by a bacterium, fungus, parasite, or virus |
| Kaposi sarcoma | cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS |
| laceration | torn, ragged-edged wound |
| lesion | any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease; broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors |
| MRSA infection | invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus; can produce skin, soft tissue, and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia |
| pediculosis | invasion into the skin and hair by lice |
| psoriasis | chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales |
| rosacea | chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years |
| scabies | skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs; accompanied by severe itching |
| scleroderma | disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs |
| squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) | malignant growth developing from scalelike epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis; invades local tissue and may metastasize |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system; autoimmune disease characterized by periods of remissions and exacerbations |
| tinea | fungal infection of the skin; may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails; infections are classified by body regions |
| urticaria | also called hives; itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes; may be caused by allergies, infection, internal disease, etc. |
| vitiligo | white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes |
| biopsy (bx) | view of life; the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope |
| dermatoautoplasty | surgical repair using one's own skin; also called a skin graft or an autograft |
| dermatoheteroplasty | surgical repair using skin from others also called a skin graft or an allograft |
| dermatome | instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts) |
| dermatoplasty | surgical repair of the skin |
| rhytidectomy | excision of wrinkles; also called a facelift |
| rhytidoplasty | surgical repair of wrinkles |
| cauterization | destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery) |
| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen |
| debridement | removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound |
| dermabrasion | procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper |
| excision | removal by cutting |
| incision | surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument |
| incision and drainage (I&D) | surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity |
| laser surgery | procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue |
| Mohs surgery | technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of a skin cancer |
| suturing | to stitch edges of a wound surgically |
| dermatologist | physician who studies and treats skin diseases |
| dermatology (derm) | study of the skin |
| epidermal | pertaining to upon the skin |
| erythroderma | abnormal redness of the skin |
| hypodermic | pertaining to under the skin |
| intradermal (ID) | pertaining to within the skin |
| keratogenic | producing horny tissue |
| leukoderma | white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation) |
| necrosis | abnormal condition of death (cells and tissue die because of disease) |
| percutaneous | pertaining to through the skin |
| staphylococcus (pl. staphylococci) (staph) | berry-shaped bacterium in grape-like clusters |
| streptococcus (pl. streptococci) (strept) | berry-shaped bacterium in twisted chains |
| subcutaneous (subcut) | pertaining to under the skin |
| subungual | pertaining to under the nail |
| transdermal (TD) | pertaining to through the skin |
| ungual | pertaining to the nail |
| xanthoderma | yellow skin |
| xerosis | abnormal condition of dryness (of skin, eye, or mouth) |
| alopecia | loss of hair |
| bacteria (s. bacterium) | single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue |
| cicatrix | scar |
| cyst | closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material |
| cytomegalovirus (CMV) | herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised |
| diaphoresis | sweating |
| ecchymosis (pl. eccymoses) | escape of blood into the skin or mucus membrane, causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein |
| edema | puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid |
| erythema | redness |
| fungus (pl. fungi) | organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue |
| induration | abnormal hard spot or area of skin; may include underlying tissue |
| jaundice | condition characterized by a yellow coloring of the skin, mucus membranes, and sclera; caused by the presence of bile; also called icterus |
| keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue |
| leukoplakia | condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucus membrane, which may be precancerous |
| macule | flat, colored spot on the skin |
| nevus (pl. nevi) | circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh-colored; also called a mole; a congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark |
| nodule | small, knot-like mass that can be felt by touch |
| pallor | paleness |
| papule | small, solid skin elevation |
| petechia (pl. petechiae) | pinpoint skin hemorrhage |
| pressure injury | damage of the skin and subQ tissue caused by prolonged pressure; can present as intact skin or an open ulcer; also called pressure ulcer and bedsore |
| macule | flat, colored spot on the skin |
| wheal | round, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria (hive) lesion |
| vesicle | a blister; a small elevation of epidermis containing liquid |
| pustule | elevation of the skin containing pus |
| pruritus | itching |
| purpura | small hemorrhages in the skin or mucus membrane giving a purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalities |
| ulcer | erosion of the skin or mucus membrane |
| verruca | a wart; circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus |
| nose | lined with mucus membranes and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air |
| nasal septum | partition separating the right and left nasal cavities |
| paranasal sinuses | air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities |
| pharynx | serves as a passageway for food and air; also called the throat |
| adenoids | lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity; also called the pharyngeal tonsils |
| tonsils | lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx |
| larynx | also called the voice box; location of the vocal cords |
| epiglottis | flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing |
| trachea | also called the windpipe; passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx |
| bronchus | one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (bronchial tree) |
| bronchioles | smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree |
| alveoli (s. alveolus) | air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; also a term for the sockets in the jaw bones into which the teeth fit |
| thorax | chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs |
| lungs | two sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity |
| pleura | double-folded serous membrane covering each lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid |
| diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; contracts to pull air in and relaxes to push air out |
| mediastinum | the space between the lungs; contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, the great blood vessels, and other structures |
| adenoiditits | inflammation of the adenoids |
| alveolitis | inflammation of the alveoli (pulmonary or dental) |
| atelectasis | incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung) |
| bronchiectasis | dilation of the bronchi |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus (also called lung cancer) |
| bronchopneumonia | diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (an inflammation of the lungs that begins in the terminal bronchioles) |
| diaphragmatocele | hernia of the diaphragm |
| epiglottitis | inflammation of the epiglottis |
| hemothorax | blood in the chest cavity (pleural space) |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup) |
| lobar pneumonia | pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung) |
| nasopharyngitis | inflammation of the nose and pharynx |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura; also called pleurisy |
| pneumatocele | hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest) |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition of dust in the lungs |
| pneumonia | diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi) |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung |
| pneumothorax | air in the chest cavity (specifically, the pleural space, which causes collapse of the lung and is often a result of an open chest wound) |
| mesothelioma | a rare form of cancer most common in the pleura, the sac covering the lung, and lining the thoracic cavity; often caused by inhalation exposure to asbestos |
| pulmonary neoplasm | pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor) |
| pyothorax | pus in the chest cavity (pleural space); also called empyema |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nose (mucus membranes) |
| rhinomycosis | abnormal condition of fungus in the nose |
| rhinorrhagia | rapid flow of blood from the nose; also called epistaxis |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| thoracalgia | pain in the chest |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea |
| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the trachea |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury; respiratory failure in an adult; symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis; also called adult respiratory distress syndrome |
| asthma | respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | progressive lung disease obstructing air flow which makes breathing difficult; chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main components of COPD |
| coccidioidomycosis | fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever) |
| croup | condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor; may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body; occurs mainly in children; also called laryngotracheobronchitis |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms |
| deviated septum | one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum |
| epistaxis | nosebleed; also called rhinorrhagia |
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) | chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs |
| insidious (in reference to disease progression) | gradual and subtle onset |
| acute (in reference to disease progression) | sharp, sudden, short, or severe |
| subacute (in reference to disease progression) | between acute and chronic |
| chronic (in reference to disease progression) | disease that continues for a long time |
| reactive airway disease (RAD) | general term and not a specific diagnosis; used to describe a history of wheezing, coughing, and SOB; may lead to asthma |
| influenza (flu) | highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract |
| obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea; can produce daytime drowsiness and hypertension |
| pertussis | highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough) |
| pleural effusion | fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma |
| pulmonary edema | fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal; often caused by blood clots broken loose form the deep veins of the lower extremities |
| pulmonary emphysema | loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung; as a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen; component of COPD |
| tuberculosis (TB) | infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs |
| upper respiratory infection (URI) | infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usually caused by a virus (commonly called a cold) |
| adenoidectomy | excision of the adenoids |
| adenotome | instrument used to cut the adenoids |
| bronchoplasty | surgical repair of a bronchus |
| laryngectomy | excision of the larynx |
| laryngoplasty | surgical repair of the larynx |
| laryngostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the larynx |
| laryngotracheotomy | incision into the larynx and trachea |
| lobectomy | excision of a lobe (of the lung) |
| pleuropexy | surgical fixation of the pleura |
| pneumonectomy | excision of a lung |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| septoplasty | surgical repair of the (nasal) septum |
| septotomy | incision into the (nasal) septum |
| sinusotomy | incision into a sinus |
| thoracocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity; also called thoracentesis |
| thoracotomy | incision into the chest cavity |
| tonsillectomy | excision of the tonsils |
| tracheoplasty | surgical repair of the trachea |
| tracheostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the trachea |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea |
| bronchoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi |
| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi |
| endoscope | instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) |
| endoscopic | pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) |
| endoscopy | visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) |
| laryngoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the larynx |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx |
| thoracoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the chest cavity |
| thoracoscopy | visual examination of the chest cavity |
| radiograph | record of x-rays |
| radiography | process of recording x-rays |
| sonogram | record of sound |
| sonography | process of recording sound |
| tomography | process of recording slices (anatomical cross-section) |
| capnometer | instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas) |
| oximeter | instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood) |
| spirometer | instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes) |
| spirometry | a measurement of breathing (or air flow) |
| polysomnography (PSG) | process of recording many tests during sleep (to diagnose sleep apnea) |
| chest computed tomography (CT) scan | computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion |
| chest radiograph (CXR) | radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart; also called a chest x-ray |
| lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan) | two nuclear scan tests, one to measure air flow throughout the lungs (ventilation), and one to measure circulation to all areas of the lungs (perfusion); used to rule out pulmonary embolism |
| acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear | test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis |
| acid-fast | means not easily discolored by acid after staining |
| sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S) | sputum is placed on a culture and if pathogenic bacteria grow, is then tested for antibiotic sensitivity to identify an antibiotic that will provide the most effective treatment |
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | tests performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH |
| peak flow meter (PFM) | portable instrument used to measure air flow early in forced exhalation; helps monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly |
| pulmonary functions tests (PFTs) | group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma |
| auscultation | the act of listening through a stethoscope |
| percussion | the act of tapping of a body part to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained |
| PPD skin test | test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis |
| stethoscope | instrument used to hear internal body sounds |
| acapnia | condition of absence (les than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood) |
| alveolar | pertaining to the alveolus |
| anoxia | condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen |
| aphonia | condition of absence of voice |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| mucus v. mucous | mucus is the noun that describes slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membrane; mucous is the adjective that means pertaining to the mucous membrane |
| bronchoalveolar | pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli |
| bronchospasm | spasmodic contraction of the bronchi |
| diaphragmatic | pertaining to the diaphragm; also called phrenic |
| dysphonia | condition of difficult speaking (voice) |
| dyspnea | difficult breathing |
| endotracheal | pertaining to within the trachea |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| hypercapnia | condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood) |
| hyperpnea | excessive breathing |
| hypocapnia | condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood) |
| hypopnea | deficient breathing |
| hypoxemia | deficient oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues) |
| intrapleural | pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes) |
| laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx |
| laryngospasm | spasmodic contraction of the larynx |
| mucoid | resembling mucus |
| nasopharyngeal | pertaining to the nose and pharynx |
| orthopnea | able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position |
| phrenalgia | pain in the diaphragm |
| phrenospasm | spasm of the diaphragm |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| pulmonologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the lungs |
| pulmonology | study of the lung |
| radiologist | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease using medical imaging |
| radiology | study and application of imaging technology (x-ray, MRI, CT, etc.) |
| rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose (as in a cold) |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
| airway | passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed |
| asphyxia | deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation |
| aspirate | to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract |
| bronchoconstrictor | agent causing narrowing of the bronchi |
| bronchodilator | agent causing the bronchi to widen |
| crackles | also called rales; discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resemble the sound of the rustling of cellophane; often heard at the base of the lung posteriorly in heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis |
| hyperventilation | ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs |
| hypoventilation | ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs |
| mucopurulent | containing both mucus and pus |
| nebulizer | device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment |
| nosocomial infection | an infection acquired during hospitalization |
| paroxysm | periodic, sudden attack |
| patent | open; unobstructed; can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body |
| rhonchi | low-pitched, with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways |
| sputum | mucus secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth |
| stridor | harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicates an acute laryngeal obstruction |
| ventilator | mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing |
Created by:
rachel_robinson1026
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