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VET115 Lg. Animal Dz
Feeding Diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Intro | all ruminants are very similar when it comes to dz's and disorders of the digestive tract. |
| Ruminal Tympany (Bloat) CS's | CS: distension of the LEFT flank and then the right flank. hyper salivation, excess froth/gas accumulation in rumen, respiratory distress, cyanosis, death. |
| Ruminal Tympany (causes) | Causes: change in pasture w/ lots of fertilizer, genetics, bacterial overgrowth, overeating, obstruction, protein is digested quicker forming chloroplasts which then aid in microbial fermentation, too much of this traps gasses. |
| Ruminal Tympany (prevention) | Prevention: feed coarse grasses or dry forage before turnout to overgrown pastures, avoid straight pastures, keep stock on pasture all the time rather than sporadically, allow full access to water and salt, watch grass exposure for all ruminants. |
| Enterotoxemia (overeating dz) (CS + Cause) | CS: severe disease of sheep/goats, death is often first symptom, circling, progressive weakness, head butting, convulsions. Cause: often in faster-growing young, Clostridium perfringens C&D, excess consumption of high-energy feed/lush pasture/heavy milk |
| Enterotoxemia (prevention) | prevention: vaccinate with Clostridium perfringens type D for lambs and C&D for breeding ewes. If outbreak occurs, consider enterotoxemia antiserum for 21 day protection in lambs​. |
| Fescue toxicosis/Foot | disease caused by Endophyte fungus (acremonium coenophialum), occurs in cattle/sheep mostly, fall and winter are most common occurence in fescue pasture. |
| Fescue Foot (CS, cause, prevention) | CS: lameness, necrosis of tail end, low milk production, abortion Cause: increased parasites, increased malnourishment, endophyte fungus. Prevention: avoid parasites/malnutrition, use fungus free fescue seed for planting, dilute pastures w/ other grass |
| Grass Tetany (CS + causes) | CS: hypomagnesemia, disorientation, paddling, convulsions, muscle twitching. Causes: common in older cows (4+), high occurrence during early lactation in heavy milking cows, pastures w/ low magnesium/calcium + high potassium, stress from weather. |
| Grass Tetany (prevention + Tx) | prevention: provide magnesium 30 days before high risk time, increase magnesium in lactating old cows/ewes, spring/winter/fall high risk, molasses supplement w/ magnesium. Tx: calcium magnesium IV |
| Milk Fever (CS) | Parturition Paresis / Hypocalcemia CS: early: muscle tremors, ear twitching, head bob, excitable and hypersensitive, ataxia, vocalization. Advanced: anorexia, low temp, head turned to one side, atonic anal sphincter, lack of borborygmus, tachycardia, die |
| Milk Fever (cause and prevention) | cause: post calving in high producing cows, low blood calcium. prevent: feed high Phosphorus, low calcium 14 days before parturition, vitamin D intake 1 wk before birth, avoid obesity. |
| Milk Fever Etc. | Etc: New strategies are addressing the pH balance, by reducing potassium which decreases blood pH, increasing kidney, and bone re-absorption of calcium​. Watch calcium/phosphorus levels in dry periods. |
| Displaced Abomasums (CS, cause, prevention) | CS: low appetite, low milk, diarrhea/discolored feces. Cause: pregnancy, lack of bulk in diet, sudden jarring of fresh cows, poor muscle tone, mycotoxin exposure. Prevent: avoid acidosis/alkalosis, eliminate moldy/overloaded feeds. |
| Ketosis (CS + cause) | CS: 14-50 days after birth in cattle, 2 wks before birth in sheep, low milk production, low appetite, sugary-acid breath, low wt, frequent urination, trembling, collapse. Cause: rapid loss of body fat and low carbohydrates in diet. |
| Ketosis (Tx, Px, + prevention) | Tx: IV glucose, propylene glycol NG, glucocorticoids Px: can reoccur prevent: lean body condition, avoid excess fat, high energy intake before birth and lower afterwards, avoid sudden feed changes in physical nature of the feeds. |
| Thiamine-deficiency Polio (CS + causes) | CS: excitable, decreased vision, incoordination, stupor (daze), coma, acute death. Causes: thiamine deficiency, overgrazing, feeding lambs in rich pasture, cause not fully discovered. |
| Thiamine-deficiency Polio (prevention) | Prevent: lower grain intake + increase roughage quality 1 wk before allowing to graze, increase high energy diets, provide balanced calcium/phosphorus/and vitamin D. Occurs primarily in feedlot/young cattle under 2 yrs. Goats/alpacas can be affected. |
| Rickets (CS, cause, prevention, Px) | CS: young w/ large joints, painful gait, leg bowing, improper calcification of joints. Cause: incorrect calcium/phosphorus/vitamins Prevent: provide calcium/phosphorus/vitamin D, sunlight Px: good without bone damage. |
| Urinary Calculi (CS + cause) | Urolithasis, Water Belly. CS: difficult urination, bloody urine, kicking at abdomen, bladder rupture. Causes: increase in feedlots, high potassium + phosphorus consumption, low calcium, Vitamin A deficiency, excess silicate intake. |
| Urinary Calculi (prevention) | Prevent: provide water, balance phosphorus/calcium ratio, avoid vitamin A deficiency, lots of salt available, balance ratios. Males are at higher risk |
| White Muscle Disease (CS + prevention) | CS: dyspnea, irregular gait, ataxia, hind limb paralysis, hunched back appearance, flying scapula, heart irregularities, death. Prevent: balance ratios, increase selenium to dietary intake in known deficient areas. |
| White Muscle Disease (cause) | Cause: selenium + Vitamin E deficiency, geographic distribution (low selenium in many areas of the US and Canada), common is fast growing individuals in flocks or herds. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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