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CHAP 25- CARDIAC
LANGE Q&A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Where is the heart located? | mediastinum |
| What covers the heart? | pericardium |
| How many layers does the pericardium have and what are they? | 2 layers, outer and inner |
| How many layers does the wall of the heart consist of? | 3 |
| what are the three layers of the wall of the heart? | external (epicardium) Middle (myocardium) inner (endocardium) |
| Blood flow through the heart | blood >deoxygenated veins > superior and inferior vena cava> R atrium, >tricuspid valve, > R ventricle, >pulm artery (semilunar valve), > out to lungs (becomes oxygenated), >pulm vein, >L atrium,> bicuspid valve,> L ventricle, >aortic valve, >Aorta, >body |
| Pacemaker of the heart | SA node (sinoatrial) |
| major element in the cardiac conduction system, controls heart rate | AV node (atrioventrical) |
| SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinjie fibers | cardiac conduction system |
| rapid heart rate more than 100 bpm | tachycardia |
| slow heart rate less than 60 bpm | bradycardia |
| narrowing of the arteries caused b plaque formation | coronary artery disease |
| an abnormal heart rhythm | arrthymia |
| inflammation of the inner lining of the heart | endocarditis |
| inflammation of the pericardial lining of the heart | pericarditis |
| fluid buildup of the pericardial cavity | pericardial effusion |
| irregular muscle contrations | fibrilation |
| abnormal rhythm of the heart, electrical impulse foes not travel properly thru the atrium | a-fib |
| rapid heart rate occurring in the ventricles | ventricular arrythmia |
| erratic rapid impulses, caused when the ventricle quivers instead of pumping blood | V-fib |
| How are cardiac arrhythmias treated? | defibrillation |
| traces the electrical activity of the heart | electrocardiogram |
| shows the heart muscle using ultrasound | echocardiogram |
| xray of the arteries using contrast media | arteriogram |
| xray of veins using contrast media | angiogram |
| portable electronic device that evaluates the heart for arrhythmias and delivers a shock to the heart to bring it back to a normal rhythm | aed |
| implanted device to regulate the heart beat to normal rhythm | pacemaker |
| procedure performed to visualize your arteries and how your heart is functioning to diagnose heart disease | cardiac catherization |
| During cardiac catherization where is the catheter introduced to inject contrast? | femoral or brachial artery |
| procedure performed during cardiac catherization. Balloon cath is inserted and the vessel is dilated then a stent is placed to keep artery open | angioplasty |
| enlargement of an artery wall caused by weakening of the wall | aneurysm |
| bulge and weakening in the wall of the ventricle. Occur to patients who had a heart attach | Ventricular aneurysm |
| chest pain caused by lack of blood flow to heart | angina |
| performed for end-stage heart disease. | cardiac transplantation |
| What take over the function of the heart during heart surgery? | CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass) aka heart-lung machine |
| What does the CBP machine do? | oxygenates the blood and also induction of hypothermia for less oxygen intake. |
| What solution is used during CPB? | cool saline |
| Solution used to stop the heart and prevent cell death during cross-clamping of the aorta | cardioplegia |
| What is needed for CPB? | cardiac cannulation |
| What king of suture is used during cannulation? | purse-string |
| the retrieve blood a cannula may be placed in the? | R atrium Vena cava Femoral vein |
| To return blood the cannula is placed? | ascending aorta femoral artery |
| Parts of the Heart-lung machine? | oxygenator, heat exchanger, pump |
| removes CO2 and adds oxygen to the blood | oxygenator |
| controls blood temp and can heat or cool the blood | heat exchanger |
| acts as the heat muscles and pushes the blood thru the tubes on the machine | pump |
| During CPB what position is the patient in? | supine/dorsal recumbent |
| How is the prep done for CPB? | extends from chin to toes, abd laterally, and both legs circumferentially |
| What incision is done during heart surgery? | from sternal notch to the xyphoid process |
| vascular thoracic general sternal saw sternal retractor lebsche knife herrick kidney clamps satinsky clamp | cardiac intruments |
| performed to replace diseased or blocked arteries and requires heart lung machine | cabg |
| taken from another part of the patients body and used to replace the diseased vessels | autograft vessels |
| What are the vessels used to bypass the diseased ones? | internal mammary arties and greater saphenous veins |
| minimally invasive surgery/cabg, done on beating heart | MIDCABG |
| off pump and heart is beating | OPCAB |
| cath inserted thru femoral artery to increase cardiac output | IABP- intra aortic balloon pump |
| placed inside the chest and connected to your heart. Takes control of the hearts pumping action | VAD- ventricular assist device |
| when mitral/bicuspid, tricuspid, and aortic valves can be replaced | cardiac valve replacement |
| performed when it is caused by rheumatic fever | mitral valve replacement |
| ductus arterosus (blood vessel) does not close at birth | patent ductus arteriosus |
| combination of four cardiac defects, most common in children | tetralogy of fallot |
| narrowing of the aorta where the vessel should be normal | coarctation of the aorta |
| lower risk of blood clots, for people with a-fib, po | warfarin/coumadin (anticoagulants) |
| prevents formation of blood clots, via iv | heparin |
| reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin | protamine sulfate |
| relaxes the blood vessels and prevents vasospasms | papaverine |
| used to treat V-fib | lidocaine hydrochloride/xylocaine |
| used to dissolve blood clots that have formed in the coronary artery vessels and lungs | streptokinase |
| protein used in the breakdown of blood clots | tissue plasminogen activator |
| what is the main component in cardioplegia? | potassium |
| part of the immune system and produces T cells | thymus gland |
| procedure performed to correct cardiac arrhythmia by scarring or destroying cardiac tissue that causes the arrhythmias. uses extreme cold or heart to destroy the tissue that is causing the arrhythmia | cardia ablation |
| prep for cardiac surgery | anterior full body prep including limbs and upper thorax |
| part of the lower half of the brainstem w/in the central nervous system. controls heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. damage to it is life threatening | medulla oblongata |
| type of vessel cutter used to make a hole in an artery for an anastomosis of another vein or artery used on cardiac procedures such as CABG | aortic punch |
Created by:
karsanmira
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