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Module 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the cultural connections/similarities between the Native American tribes? | Trade, religious ideas, respect for the land, emphasis on family, clans, a totem |
| What was the Bering Strait? | A land bridge between Asia and North America during the last Ice Age |
| How did the Pacific Northwestern Native Americans adapt to their environment? | Used the rich resources of the region: the sea, hunting of whales, gathered food from the forests on the coast |
| What is the potlatch? | A ceremonial feast used to display rank and prosperity in some Northwest Coast tribes of Native Americans |
| What were pueblos? | A village of large apartment-like buildings made of clay and stone, built by the Anasazi and later peoples of the American Southwest |
| Why were Southeastern Native Americans called "Mound Builders"? | They built large mounds of earth that were filled with copper and stone artwork, in which they buried the dead and their life possessions |
| What was the Iroquois League? What did they do? | A group of Native American peoples who spoke related languages, lived in the eastern Great Lakes region of North America, and formed an alliance in the late 1500s. The Iroquois League helped end fighting between tribes and created a trade network. |
| Where was the Mayan civilization geographically and how long did it exist? | Southern Mexico and Northern Central America; between 250 and 950 A.D. |
| What was the Mayan government? | A theocracy in that the god-king was the leader of both the government and religion. |
| What was the social class structure in the Maya society? | God-King Upper class - best warriors and priests Middle class - merchants and craft workers Lower class - peasant farmers |
| Why was the Maya religion so important? | - The Maya religion was at the center of their society. - The Maya sometimes cut themselves to offer their blood to the gods in sacrifice. - The Maya religion led to the development of mathematics, calendars, and astronomy. |
| What were some of the important Mayan achievements? | Mayan calendar and astronomy Mayan writing system- (Glyphs) Mayan Math - Concept of zero Architecture - Pyramids and temples |
| What were some of the possible reasons for the decline of the Mayan civilization? | Overpopulation, drought, warfare, overuse of natural resources, the Mayans lost faith in their religion and leader; god-king |
| What was the "Triple Alliance"? | an association of the city-states of Tenochtitlán, Texcoco, and Tlacopan, which led to the formation of the Aztec Empire |
| What was the Aztecs social class structure? | Emperor/God-King Noble Class - military leaders, government officials, and priests Commoners - merchants, craft workers, soldiers, and farmers Slaves - slaves were taken as captives in battle |
| Why were the Aztecs a warlike people? | Since people taken captive in war were used for sacrifice, the need for a steady supply of victims pushed the Aztecs to fight their neighbors and become a warlike people. |
| What was the geographical location of the Aztec civilization? | Central America Central Mexico (Valley of Mexico-present day - Mexico City) |
| What were some of the main achievements of the Aztec civilization? | The calendar, architecture/engineering(temples and pyramids-Pyramid of the Sun), astronomy, mathematics, trade networks(Triple Alliance), military, development of causeways and a city on a lake, writing system |
| Why did the Aztecs perform daily human sacrifice? | Priests made the sacrifice of human blood to make sure that the sun god was happy, and so the sun would rise every day. |
| What was the Incan social class structure? | King/Emperor Upper - Nobility, government officials, and priests Middle - engineers, merchants, artisans, and crafts workers Lower - farmers **The Incan social system was based on an age-old form of community cooperation called the ayllu. |
| What was the geographical location of the Incas? | South America (Present-day southern Peru, along the Andes Mountains from Ecuador all the way south to Chile and Argentina) |
| What did the Inca believe about their ruler and the sun god? | The Inca believed that their ruler was related to the sun god; Inti, who would bring wealth and power to them. Only men from one of 11 noble families believed to be descendants of the sun god could serve as king. |
| What was the Incas environment like? | The Inca lived in a difficult environment and dealt with harsh physical conditions such as warm weather, earthquakes, traveled long distances to communicate and trade, and the region was difficult to farm. |
| What is one way that the Inca adapted to their environment? | They used the technique of terracing to help develop crops in mountainous areas that were difficult to farm or unfarmable. |
| What were the Incas public works? | Terracing for farming, the road system, irrigation canals, temples, plazas, and palaces |
| What began the decline of the Incan civilization? | When Huayana Capac died, a civil war broke out between his two sons, Atahualpa and Huascar. Atahualpa eventually won the civil war but it tore the empire apart and weakened it. |
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