Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP World Unit 4
AP World Unit 4- Transoceanic Interactions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hernan Cortez | a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494 split the newfound territories of the New World between Spain and Portugal with Portugal getting Brazil and Spain getting the rest. |
| Smallpox | A contagious disease responsible for killing millions of people before it was eradicated. In fact, it killed an estimated 90% of the Native American population after the Europeans made contact. |
| Conquistadors | the explorer-soldiers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, colonizing and opening trade routes. |
| Mestizo/metis | term used both for racial classification used to refer to a person of a combined Spanish and Indigenous American ancestry, and in certain countries in Latin America may also refers to people who are culturally European regardless of ancestry. |
| Peninsulares | a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea. They were considered “ethnically superior” to everyone else in the New World including Creoles who were of European ancestry but born in the Americas. |
| Hacienda | designed to keep people that were in debt working on a piece of land. People were made to stay there as long as possible using various means. Owners were able to make huge amounts of money by exploiting these workers |
| Indentured Servitude | a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years. The contract, called an "indenture", may be entered voluntarily for eventual compensation, debt repayment, or may be imposed as a judicial punishment. |
| Encomienda | a Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with the labor of particular groups of conquered non-Christian people in exchange for religious salvation of said non Christian people. |
| Seven Years' War | a global conflict between Great Britain and France for global pre-eminence. . It is also known as the Great War for Empire. The American front of the war is known as The French and Indian War. |
| Francisco Pizarro | a Spanish conquistador known for conquering Peru and the massive Incan Empire. |
| Viceroy | a person who ruled in a conquered land in place of the King or Queen. |
| Mulattoes | A term used during the age of exploration to describe people of European and slave background. |
| James Cook | a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular. He died on his third excursion into Hawaii. |
| Maroons | were slaves who escaped enslavement and who lived in the wilderness. They would often try to sabotage plantations, cause riots, attempt to free slaves, etc and resisted the plantation owners. |
| Antonian Movement | A religious movement in Congo initiated by a noblewoman named Dona Beatriz. It rejected the cross, baptism, etc and held that Jesus was a black man and that heaven was solely for people of African origin. |
| Middle Passage | the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Many died on this horrible, forced trip to the Americas. |
| Creoles | refers to people who are European origin but born on American soil. They were seen as less than peninsulares (see definition above) but higher than other ethnic groups. |
| Queen Nzinga of Ndongo | One of the great women rulers of Africa, (circa 1581-1663) of Angola, she fought against the slave trade and European influence in the seventeenth century. She resisted Portuguese invasion and slave raids for 30 years. |
| Forbidden City | Commissioned in 1406 by the Yongle emperor of the Ming dynasty, it was first officially occupied by the court in 1420. It was so named because it was barred to most of the subjects of the realm. It was the royal residence of many Chinese emperors |
| Mongols | the largest contiguous land empire in world history. The four main sections of their empire were the Khanate of the Great Khan/Yuan Dynasty in China, The Golden Horde in Russia, Chagatai Khanate of Central Asia, and the Ilkhanate of Persia in SW Asia. |
| Manchus | came from Manchuria in NE China. They are known for conquering China and establishing the Qing Dynasty in 1644. It would last until 1912. |
| Qing Kangzi | 3rd emperor of the Qing Dynasty (he was Manchu). One of his main goals as emperor was to expand the Chinese Empire. He successfully conquered Taiwan, established a treaty with Vietnam, and defeated the Mongols. |
| Son of Heaven | Term used to refer to the Chinese Emperor to show a divine nature and reinforce the Mandate of Heaven. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Teaches that the emperor is given the authority to rule by Heaven. As long as heaven is happy with the emperor’s rule, there will be peace, prosperity, a happiness on earth. If heaven is unhappy with the emperor’s rule, the world will be in chaos . |
| Infanticide | the practice of killing babies, typically female (in China especially) as many nations were patriarchies during this time. |
| Zheng He | a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. His exploration with his massive fleet of equally massive ships were used for both intimidation as well as exploratory missions. |
| Mean People | refers to poor, uneducated working class in China. |
| Shogun | the warlord that held primary power in Japan (even over the emperor). His family held dynastic rule called shogunates. Ex. The Tokugawa Shogunate refers to the time period when the Tokugawa family lead Japan as shogun. |
| Daimyo | The “lords” of Japan. Were subordinate to the Shogun, but above the samurai and peasant class. |
| Shinto | an optimistic, Japanese, faith, as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and evil is believed to be caused by evil spirits. |
| Dutch Learning | The effort of the Japanese people to learn Dutch from the Dutch traders at their ports so they could modernize and westernize. |
| Ming Dynasty | ruled China from 1368 to 1644 A.D., during which the pop would double. Known for trade with the outside world that established ties with the West, they are remembered for literature and porcelain. Built the Forbidden City & saw the voyages of Zheng He |
| Eunuchs | men who had been castrated. They were highly trusted by many emperors because they were not seen as threats because they could not produce children of their own and form their own dynasty. |
| Queue | Refers to the hairstyle the Chinese were forced to adopt during the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty. The top of the head was shaved while the back was grown long and braided in a pigtail. |
| Qian Qianlong | 6th emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He combined his passion for collecting art and poetry with his role as preserver and restorer of the Chinese cultural heritage. He led military campaigns expanding China. |
| Matteo Ricci | a Jesuit priest who did missionary work in China trying to Christianize the people. He was initially successful, but the Roman Catholic Church did not like how he conducted church services in Chinese and required him to conduct his services in Latin. |
| Bakufu | Means “tent government” and refers to shogunate rule as it was originally meant to be a temporary form of government. |
| Francis Xavier | a popular missionary to Japan. He was initially successful, but when Japan adopted isolationism and began the removal of foreigners in their country, many Japanese Christians were massacred and even crucified. |
| Ottoman Empire | One of the Gunpowder Empires known for gaining territory through military conquest through the use of gunpowder. It lasted from 1299-1922 Was partially responsible for WWI as it crumbled in its latter years, it became known as the “sick man of Europe” |
| Mughal Empire | 1526-1857. One of the Gunpowder Empires. It was in India. The Muslim leader was called “Shah” and some were more successful than others when dealing with the massive Hindu population of India. The Mughal would fall, ultimately, to the British. |
| Safavid Empire | One of the Gunpowder Empires. Called their leaders Sultans. They were Shia who adopted Twelver Shiism which caused conflict with the Ottoman . Had constant conflict due to their location between two Sunni groups (the Ottoman and the Mughal). |
| Shah Jahan | 1592-1666. An important Shah of the Mughal Empire known for his building projects such as the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, and the Shalimar Gardens. |
| Taj Mahal | An exquisite mausoleum built for the favorite wife of Shah Jahan. Considered one of the modern wonders of the world for its beauty and perfect symmetry. |
| Janissaries | Refers to non-Muslim (typically Christian) boys taken by the Ottoman to serve as soldiers in their janissary military corps. They were given more responsibility and duties as they advanced in rank. |
| Selim the Grim | An Ottoman shah who extended Ottoman territory into much of Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. |
| Twelver Shiism | A form of Islam popular in the Safavid Empire that believed that the leader (Sultan) at the time was a “hidden imam” of Allah. This was highly controversial in the Muslim community and considered blasphemous by the nearby Ottoman Empire. |
| Babur | the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. His descendants, the Mughal emperors, built a long-lasting empire that covered much of the subcontinent until 1868, and that continues to shape the culture of India to this day |
| Divine Faith | Mughal faith sponsored by Shah Akbar that promoted religious tolerance with the knowledge that whatever god his people prayed to put him in charge for a reason. |
| Peacock throne | The famous jeweled throne of the Mughal Emperors commissioned by Shah Jahan |
| Osman Bey | founder of the Ottoman Empire |
| Mehmet II | An Ottoman conqueror who conquered the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. It would later be renamed Istanbul, Turkey. |
| Shah Ismail | Founder of the Safavid Empire and the creator of Twelver Shiism |
| Qizilbash | Means “red head” and refers to the red hat that the Safavid military units wore. |
| Akbar | The greatest of the Mughal Empire shahs. He was religiously tolerant, known for his love of arts and trade, and his creation of “divine faith” to justify his Muslim rule in a Hindu country. |
| Auranbzeb | The son of Shah Jahan known for imprisoning his father, his harsh policies, and his poor treatment of the Hindus of India. |
| Suleyman | codified a centralized legal system (kanun) for the Ottoman state, expanded both the territory and the revenue of the empire, and built up Constantinople (Istanbul) as the empire's capital. |
| Shah Abbas | was the 5th Safavid Shah of Iran, and is generally considered one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history and the Safavid dynasty. |
Created by:
clevelandv
Popular World History sets