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Everest Endocrine
Everest - Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The endocrine system works in partnership with other systems of the body to maintain what in the body? | Homeostasis |
| Mobilization of body defenses against stressors, maintenance of electrolyte, water and nutrient balance of the blood is? | The functional aspects of hormone molecules |
| Hormones of the endocrine system also direct the creation of our form such as? | Our size, shape and sexual characteristics |
| The major form processes controlled and integrated by hormones are? | Reproduction, growth and development |
| Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or diffuse into nearby tissues are? | Endocrine glands |
| Glands with ducts that secrete directly into ducts that open to specific areas are? | Exocrine glands |
| Examples of exocrine glands are? | Salivary and sweat glands |
| What are the glands of the endocrine system? | Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus, pancreas, and gonads |
| Which organs of the body contain endocrine tissues that produce hormones and exocrine products? | Pancreas, ovaries and testes |
| The hypothalamus is considered part of what system? | Nervous |
| The hypothalamus also produces and releases hormones and is thus considered what type of organ? | Neuroendocrine |
| The endocrine glands have important implications in the? | Eastern chakra system |
| What other system has functional aspects interrelated with the endocrine gland functions? | The chakra system |
| The body of knowledge of the chakra system is expansive and is consistent with? | Western scientific thought |
| In relationship to the endocrine functions the chakra system represents similar? | Patterns |
| What affects the action of certain hormones? | Prostaglandins |
| Prostaglandins have a local effect in? | Surrounding tissue |
| Prostaglandins carried by the blood affect? | Distant sites in the body |
| Endocrine systems are regulated by? | Negative feedback systems |
| Pathologic conditions are found mainly with? | Hyposecretion (not enough) or hypersecretion (too much) |
| A chemical found in the synapse is called a neurotransmitter. When the same chemical is found in the bloodstream or tissue it is a? | Hormone |
| The main differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system control are? | Speed and duration |
| The nervous system is? | Fast acting with a short duration of effect |
| The endocrine system is? | Slow acting with a long duration of effect |
| Hormones are derived from? | Amino acids or steroids |
| Hormones exert their effect on target organs and cells at? | Low blood concentrations |
| The concentration of a hormone in the blood is determined by? | The rate of release and the speed of inactivation and removal |
| The term half-life means? | The time required for half the hormone to be eliminated from the bloodstream |
| How quickly do some hormones promote responses? | Almost immediately |
| Steroid hormones may require? | Hours or days for their effects to be seen |
| Endocrine glands release hormones in response to how many types of stimuli? | Three |
| Which endocrine gland responds to the rise and fall of calcium levels? | Parathyroid |
| Some hormones are released when the larger endocrine gland? | Receives instructions from another endocrine organ |
| Cells that have many different receptors are? | Target cells for many different hormones |
| What are some causes of hypersecretion of endocrine glands? | Most tumors, autoimmunity, failure of feedback mechanisms |
| What can cause hypo-secretion of endocrine glands? | Some tumors, tissue death, abnormal operation of feedback loops |
| Tropic hormones are? | Hormones produced by the endocrine glands that affect other endocrine glands |
| What can produce hormone-like substances that cause endocrine syndromes? | Some cancers |
| An abnormal decrease on the number of hormone receptors on target cells can cause? | Blocking of hormonal action |
| The hypothalamus is? | The link in the body/mind/ and nerve/endocrine function |
| Homeostasis is the main purpose of the? | Hypothalamus |
| The hypothalamus has effect on? | Blood pressure, body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance |
| The hypothalamus translates nerve impulses into? | Hormone secretions by endocrine glands |
| The hypothalamus exerts its primary control over what gland/s? | Pituitary gland |
| The pituitary controls what? | Endocrine glands with tropic hormones |
| Psychosocial dwarfism, failure to thrive syndrome and delayed tissue healing are the result of? | The suppression of the hypothalamic release of growth hormone |
| The pituitary gland is located where? | In the head at about eye level |
| The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate? | Growth, fluid balance, lactation and childbirth |
| The pituitary gland is the main source of? | Tropic hormones |
| How does the hypothalamus regulate the pituitary gland? | Through releasing and inhibiting hormones |
| How many lobes does the pituitary gland have? | Two lobes, the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe |
| Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes seven major hormones? | The anterior lobe |
| Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes two major hormones? | The posterior lobe |
| Name the seven major hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. | Growth Hormone or Somatotropin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Prolactin, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone |
| Name the two major hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. | Oxytocin, Antidiuretic Hormone |
| What is the function of growth hormone or somatotropin? | Stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide. |
| What are the major target organs of Growth Hormone or Somatotropin? | The bones and muscles |
| Growth Hormone or Somatotropin release can be inhibited by? | Emotional deprivation, excessive blood sugar, high blood fat levels |
| Growth Hormone or Somatotropin disturbances often are implicated in? | Chronic pain disorders such as fibromyalgia |
| What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone? | Promotes and maintains the growth and development of the thyroid gland and controls the release of thyroid hormones |
| What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone? | Promotes and maintains normal growth and development of the adrenal cortex, by stimulating the release of glucocorticoids and androgens |
| What are Androgens? | Hormones that produce secondary male characteristics |
| What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone? | In females stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and stimulates the secretion of estrogen In males stimulates sperm production |
| What is the function of lutenizing hormone? | In females causes ovulation and stimulates progesterone In males stimulates the production and secretion of testosterone in the testes |
| What is the function of prolactin? | Primarily in females in combination with other hormones for breast development and initiates milk production |
| What is the function of melanocyte stimulating hormone? | Acts on the pigment cells and the adrenal glands, the exact function is uncertain |
| What is the function of oxytocin? | Stimulates smooth muscle contractions especially in the uterus |
| What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? | Stimulates the kidneys to remove water from the urine and release it back into the bloodstream |
| What are the three types of stimulii that cause the endocrine glands to release hormones? | A shift occurs in the concentration of a specific substance in the body fluids, a larger endocrine gland receives instructions from another endocrine organ, when the nerves stimulate the gland |
| Which endocrine gland is shaped like a butterfly? | The thyroid |
| The thyroid gland is located where? | The throat |
| What are three pathologic conditions of the pituitary gland? | Gigantism, Acromegaly, secondary Cushing's disease |
| The thyroid gland regulates? | Metabolism |
| The two principal hormones of the thyroid are? | Thyroxine and triiodothyronine |
| What is the third hormone the thyroid secretes, and what is its function? | Calcitonin, inhibits bone reabsorption |
| What two pathologic conditions of the thyroid gland? | Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism |
| On the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland are four pea sized bodies, what are these called? | Parathyroid Glands |
| What does the parathyroid do? | Combines with Vitamin D to decrease the amount of calcium excreted |
| What are pathologic conditions of the parathyroid glands? | hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism |
| A long slender gland located behind the stomach? | Pancreas |
| The pancreas is an endocrine and? | Exocrine gland |
| The pancreas produces which hormones? | Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, amylin |
| The function of insulin is? | To lower blood glucose levels |
| The function of glucagon is? | To increase blood glucose |
| What is the function somatostatin? | Inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon |
| What is the function of amylin? | Acts as an antagonist to insulin |
| Pathologic conditions of the pancreas are? | Hyperfunction and hypofunction(diabetes mellitus) |
| On top of each kidney is an endocrine gland what are they called? | Adrenal glands |
| What are the two parts of the adrenal gland? | The medulla and the cortex |
| The adrenal medulla secretes what? | Epinephrine(adrenaline)and norepinephrine(noradrenaline) |
| Epinephrine has its primary influence on? | The heart |
| Norepinephrine has an affect on? | Vasoconstriction which raises blood pressure |
| The three major glucocorticoid (glucose producing steroid)hormones that the adrenal cortex secretes are? | Cortisol, aldosterone, gonadocorticoids |
| What is the function of cortisol? | Synthesizes certain amino acids into glucose also converts starch into glycogen |
| Aldosterone ia a/an? | Mineralocorticoid, a potassium and sodium regulating steroid |
| Gonadocorticoids are? | Male and female sex steroids |
| Pathologic conditions of the adrenal glands are? | Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, Addison's disease |
| Testes and ovaries are also called the? | Gonads |
| What is the function of the gonads? | Produce sex hormones identical to those in the adrenal cortex but in larger amounts |
| What is the primary function of the gonads? | Produce sex hormones |
| The two primary female sex hormones are? | Estrogen and progesterone |
| The male sex hormones are called? | Androgens |
| The main male sex hormons is? | Testosterone |
| Estrogen, progesterone and androgens have other effects on the body, these include? | Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, circulation |
| A tiny gland inside the brain surrounded by pia mater? | Pineal gland |
| The pineal gland secretes? | Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, histamine, neurotransmitters, hormones |
| The major function of the pineal gland seems to be? | To secrete melatonin |
| The pineal gland is sensitive to? | Light |
| The pineal gland is involved with? | Regulating the rhythmic patterns of the body |
| Often considered part of the lymphatic system and identified as the master gland of the immune system? | Thymus |
| The thymus hormones are? | Thymopoietin, thymic humoral factor, thymic factor, thymosin |
| The function of the thymus hormones are? | Growth and development of T cell lymphocytes of the immune system |
| Where is the thymus located? | Deep to the sternum between the lungs at the level of the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae |
| Endocrine tissues are? | Tissues that secrete hormones |
| Endocrine tissues are throughout the? | Brain, gut, cardiovascular system |
| The placenta is a/an? | Endocrine gland |
| Name some of the major hormones produced throughout the body. | Endorphins, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, Erythropoietin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Tissue Hormones |
| What is the function of endorphins? | They have many different effects but especially work like morphine to suppress pain |
| Where are endorphins synthesized? | In the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| Endorphins also influence? | Mood, body temperature, memory, learning, sex hormones, sex drive, reproduction |
| Specific cells located in the right atrium of the heart produce? | Atrial natriuretic hormone |
| What is the function of atrial natriuretic hormone? | Inhibits aldosterone secretion |
| To stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow the kidneys produce? | Erythropoietin |
| What triggers the kidneys to produce erythropoietin? | Oxygen levels in the blood decrease |
| This is released in response to growth hormone? | Insulin like growth factor |
| What does Insulin like growth factor stimulate? | Growth in target cells of insulin, matrix production in cartilage, growth of fibroblasts in connective tissue |
| Insulin like growth factor also synthesizes? | Lipids and glycogen in adipose tissue |
| These were the first hormones discovered? | The gastrointestinal hormones |
| Name three of the most prominent gastrointestinal hormones. | Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin |
| These work in the vicinity of or on the exact organs where they are found? | Tissue hormones |
| These local hormones are called? | Prostaglandins |
| Prostaglandins play an important role in? | Communication and control of many body functions |
Created by:
hdarguzis
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