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The Crusades
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The Crusades | -Series of wars over control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land -Spiritual, political, economic, and ideological battle between Muslims & Christians |
The First Crusade | Called by Pope Urban II |
Council of Clermont | -Pope Urban called a meeting in 1095 -Called the Muslims infidels/unbelievers -Stated it was the Christian duty of the knights of Europe to reclaim the land |
The Early Crusades | Crusading army captured Jerusalem in 1099 (killed almost everyone in the city) |
Crusader States | -After Jerusalem's capture, they established crusader states in the Holy Land -Represented a Christian presence & became trade centers with the west |
Saladin & The 3rd Crusade | -Jerusalem was captured by Muslim general Saladin in 1187 -Saladin showed mercy to the people living there -Sparked the 3rd Crusade -Ricard negotiated a treaty with Saladin to allow pilgrims to visit the city |
Later Crusades | Western armies were never successful at capturing Jerusalem again after the 1st Crusade |
Key Events | -Pope Urbans Speech -The capture of Jerusalem -Founding of Crusader States -Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin -Sack of Constantinople by Crusaders |
Effects of Crusades | -Weakened the Pope & nobles -Strengthened Monarch -Legacy of bitterness between Jews, Muslims, & Christians -Weakened by the Byzantine Empire |
Constantinople | -Fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453 -Became capital of Ottoman Empire |