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Study Guide
1945B World History Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Stalin's 5-Year Plan | Plans aimed at building and developing heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output by collectivizing agriculture. |
| 2. Treaty of Versailles | The treaty drawn up at the palace of Versailles that was signed by Germany and the Allies, which ended the state of war between the two powers. |
| 3. How did Hitler think the Allies would react when he violated the Treaty of Versailles? | Hitler expected the Allied powers to denounce his violations and challenges to the treaty, but not take action to punish them. |
| 4. Great Britain appeasement policy | The appeasement policy was the Western democracies' way to keep the peace by giving in to the demands of an aggressor. |
| 5. What part of Czechoslovakia did Hitler take control of? | Sudetenland- a western region of Czechoslovakia. |
| 6. Hitler's invasion of Poland | German forces invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. As a result, Britain and France declared war on Germany, causing the start of World War II. |
| 7. Mukden Incident | Also known as the Manchurian Incident, the Mukden Incident occurred when Japanese blew up a section of tracks on a Japanese railroad near the city of Mukden and blamed it on Chinese forces. Japanese forces used this excuse to invade and capture Manchuria. |
| 8. In 1940, Japan was forced to decide what? | In 1940, Japan had to decide whether it needed the raw materials and resources of Indochina or the oil and iron from the U.S. more. |
| 9. December 7, 1941 | The attack on Pearl Harbor occurred. On this day, Japanese air planes bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This led the U.S. to declare war on Japan, and Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, to declare war on the U.S.. |
| 10. Dunkirk | When British troops were trapped on the beaches of Dunkirk because of a surprise blitzkrieg launched by Hitler, the British sent all available naval vessels to the rescue. 300,000 troops were safely evacuated and British morale was raised. |
| 11. Blitzkrieg | "Lightning war" that Hitler launched. |
| 12. Why did Hitler plan to conquer the Soviet Union? | He wanted to crush communism in Europe and defeat his rival Joseph Stalin. In addition, he was trying to gain more land and slaves as to strengthen his Third Reich. |
| 13. Battle of Stalingrad | In this battle, Hitler and his German forces were fighting for control of the city of Stalingrad, but they were defeated by Stalin's Soviet forces. |
| 14. Battle of Midway Island | This battle occurred in June of 1942 and was fought entirely from the air. The Japanese took a devastating blow and were unable to launch any more offensive operations after this battle. It ended in an Allied victory. |
| 15. Total War | In waging total war, nations devoted all of their resources into the war effort. |
| 16. Yalta | Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at the resort city of Yalta in February of 1945. This conference was when the three leaders made agreements but they still highly mistrusted each other. |
| 17. Tehran Conference in 1943 | At this conference, Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill still distrusted each other. Roosevelt and Churchill yielded to some of Stalin's wishes, but when they rejected others, Stalin saw this as a threat to the Soviet Union. |
| 18. Why did Truman want to avoid invasion of Japan? | Truman believed that Americans would suffer and have to endure heavy losses as a result of an invasion and he did not want this. Thus, he chose the atomic over an invasion to save American lives. |
| 19. Nazi's Final Solution | This "solution" was to exterminate all Jews. The plan consisted of six special "death camps" in Poland to murder people Hitler found "inferior". |
| 20. Extermination camps | Also called concentration camps, this is where millions of Jews were murdered by Nazis. Here, they were stripped of their clothes and valuables, their heads were shaved, and they were gassed. Others were sometimes worked to death or used in experiments. |
| 21. Who were victims of Hitler? | Jews and other groups considered "racially inferior", like Slavs and Romas. He also targeted the disabled and homosexuals. |
| 22. Marshall Plan | A massive aid package that was offered by the U.S. after World War II to nations in order to strengthen their democracies and governments after the war. In the plan, the U.S. would provide food and economic assistance to help other nations rebuild. |
| 23. The U.S. and Great Britain believed that the liberated nations of Eastern Europe should do what? | The U.S. and Britain believed that they should freely determine their own governments. This was to ensure that communism wasn't spread to these newly liberated nations. |
| 24. Warsaw Pact | The Soviet Union's own military alliance. It included the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern European satellites. The Warsaw Pact was formed in response to the formation of NATO. |
| 25. Cold War | The Cold War was a state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the U.S. on one side and the Soviet Union on the other. There was no armed conflict between the major rivals. The war lasted from 1947 to 1991. |
| 26. What country became communist in 1949 which in turn made the U.S. fear the spread of communism? | China; when Mao Zedong came into power, the U.S. went through a "red scare". |
| 27. Truman Doctrine | This was a policy rooted in the idea of the containment of communism. The policy aimed at containing communism and limiting it to areas that were already under the Soviet Union. |
| 28. Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser | The ruler of Egypt from 1952 until 1979. He is best known for nationalizing the Suez canal in 1956, ending British and French control in Egypt. |
| 29. Fascist government | Any government that is centralized and authoritarian, that is not communist, and that glorifies the state over the individual by destroying basic human rights is a fascist government. It is often led by a dictator. |
| 30. Nuremberg Laws | A campaign against the Jews set in place by Hitler that denied Jews German citizenship and placed severe restrictions on them. |
| 31. Six-Day War | This was also known as the June War or Arab-Israeli War. It was fought from June 10th to June 5th and it was a time of armed conflict between Israel and a coalition of Arab states. |
| 32. Policy of Containment | This policy is the containment of communism. The strategy was aimed to limit the spread of communism to other areas besides those already under the Soviet Union. |
| 33. America feared what when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I in 1957 | Nuclear war and annihilation from space. The American people feared that, because they were not as technologically advanced, they would be completely annihilated from space. |
| 34. Northern Ireland fighting in the 60's and 70's was against what two religious groups? | The fighting was between minority Roman Catholic Nationalists, or republicans, and majority Protestant unionists, or loyalists, in Northern Ireland. |
| 35. Red-Scare Movement | The "Red Scare" was the fear of Americans about radicals and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. It also came to be known as the fear of Soviet Union communism and that it might undermine the U.S. government. |
| 36. Why was the Berlin Wall built? | The wall was built as a result of the Cold War and the split of democratic West Berlin and communist East Berlin. The wall was built to forcibly keep low-paid and unhappy citizens in East Berlin from fleeing into West Berlin. |
| 37. Gorbachev soon realized that economic reform would not succeed without what? | Political reform. |
| 38. How did President Carter protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? | Carter postponed the SALT-II nuclear weapons treaty as a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. |
| 39. By 1980 what was the Soviet Union ailing from? | The Soviet Union was ailing from a weakened economy and political structure because of the economic turmoil and hardships brought about by Gorbachev's many reforms and other poor decisions. |
| 40. European Union's first goals | The EU's first goals were to promote and expand trade, focus on economic cooperation, and meet many other common needs. |
| 41. Why did Margaret Thatcher resign? | Michael Heseltine, the Defence and Environment Secretary at the time, challenged Thatcher for leadership of the Conservative Party. |
| 42. North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA was a regional trade bloc that went into effect in 1994. It facilitated trade among the U.S., Mexico, and Canada during this time. |
| 43. Why did the U.S. join allies in fighting WWI? | Many Americans favored the Allies because of cultural ties like cultural history and language. In addition, they sympathized with some Allied nations, like France, as other democracies. |
| 44. Major causes of WWI | The European alliance system and rising international tension were large contributors to the war. In addition, militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria Hungary also led to World War I. |
| 45. Military plan by German General von Schlieffen | A plan that would allow Germany to defeat France in the west quickly and then later defeat Russia in the East. Essentially, the plan was to help Germany avoid a two-front war. Unfortunately, the plan required German troops to march through Belgium. |
| 46. Western front characteristic | A defining feature, or characteristic, of the Western Front were breastworks (defences made from sandbags, wood, and protected by barbed wire). |
| 47. Central Powers | The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. |
| 48. Militarism | Militarism is the glorification of the military. This tradition falsely painted war in romantic colors. It fed into the arms race and heavily contributed to World War I. |
| 49. Third Reich | The Third Reich was an empire that Hitler built where the German "master race" would dominate Europe for a thousand years. |
| 50. Paris Peace Conference | A conference where the Allies met and where the Central Powers along with Russia were not allowed to attend. It was convened in Versailles in 1919 and its purpose was to establish the peace terms for the Central Powers after WWI. |
Created by:
Leilani Zambrano
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