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chapter 12
urinary system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| albumin | protien |
| glucose (sugar) | gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o |
| ketone bodies | ket/o, keton/o |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis (basin) |
| vesictomy, cystotomy | an incision into the bladder |
| -iasis | suffix meaning formation or presence of |
| -algia, -dynia | suffix meaning pain |
| renal medulla | inner part of kidney |
| calyces, calicies | funnel-shaped ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
| urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) | isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive |
| urologic endoscopic surgery | use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, or stent |
| intracorporeal lithotripsy | method of destroying stones with the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope; most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones |
| nephrorrhaphy | suture of an injured kidney |
| kidney transplantation | transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient); also called renal transplantation |
| uninary system | creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (e.g., bladder cancer) |
| continent urostomy | an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by |
| noncontinent ileal conduit | removal of ileum portion to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end;other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen;urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag) |
| orthotopic bladder | artificial bladder, placed at the site of the excised bladder, constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing "natural" voiding; also called neobladder |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder |
| peritoneal dialysis | method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles |
| diuretic | drug that increases the secretion of urine |
| analgesic | drug that relieves pain |
| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine or feces |
| uremia (azotemia) | excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure |
| intravenous pyelogram (IVP) | x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast dye has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, or some other pathology |
| kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) | abdominal X-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| retrogram pyelogram (RP) retrograde urogram | x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, or some other pathology also |
| voiding cystourethrogram (VCU or VCUG) | x-ray image of the bladder and urethra during urination (voiding = urinating) |
| adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) | inherited conditon of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure; diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI's) |
| nephron | microscopic functional unit of the kidney; long convoluted tubular structure consisting of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule), proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal tubule |
Created by:
marlenim
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