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1.03 Early River

Vocabulary Review

TermDefinition
Civilization an advanced state of development of a society as judged by such things as having a system of government and laws, using a written language, and keeping written records
Religion the belief in and worship of a god or gods
Job Specialization the process of focusing on a specific job
City a large town
Government the group of people that has power to make laws and important decisions for a community, state, or nation
Language system of communication; words, phrases, symbols
Writing System symbols that have meaning and can be put together to express ideas
Social Hierarchy the state in which a society is organized through grouping people usually based on wealth, religion, ethnicity, or other factors
Surplus an amount that goes beyond what is needed
Environment area around us in which we live
Innovation is a change, a new method or idea
Enduring Issue a challenge or problem that has been debated or discussed across time
Ancient Egypt (3000-2000 BCE) an early river valley civilization established on the Nile River
Indus River Valley Civilization (2500-1700 BCE) an early river valley civilization located in the present-day countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India that included the cities Mohenjo-daro and Harappa
legal code a set of laws
Mesopotamia (3500-1650 BCE) a region in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where the first early river valley civilizations started
Neolithic Revolution (starting in 10,000 BCE) a turning point in history that changed the way Paleolithic people lived their lives. People shifted from hunting and gathering for food to agriculture. Instead of living as nomads, people settled down in permanent settlements.
Shang China (3950-1500 BCE) an early river valley civilization in China established on the Huang He (Yellow) River
Technology the collection of tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans
River a body of water that flows into a larger body of water
River Valley the area of land nearby and parallel to a river
adapt or modify to change
irrigation the act of supplying water to land or crops
terrace farming the technique of creating flat farmland on a hill by digging into the slope, leveling off a horizontal area, and using the soil that was dug out to support the field by building a wall above it.
Code of Hammurabi a law code enacted by Hammurabi, the king of Babylonia around 1772 BC
Cuneiform a system of writing created in Mesopotamia around 3,000 BCE
Egyptian Book of the Dead a description of the ancient Egyptian idea of the afterlife and a collection of hymns, spells, and instructions to guide the dead through the challenges that Egyptians believed they would meet in the afterlife.
Hierarchy a system for ranking groups of people
Mohenjo-Daro a city in the Indus Valley Civilization built around 2600 B.C.E., located in present day Pakistan. Mohenjo-daro was the largest, most sophisticated city discovered from the Indus River Valley Civilization
Oracle bones tortoise shells or cow bones used by spiritual guides in Shang China (1554-1045 BCE) to communicate with ancestors, gods, and to tell the future
Shaduf a device used in Ancient Egypt that enabled people to transfer water from a river to their fields
Social class a grouping of people in a society based usually based on wealth, religion, ethnicity, or other factors
Created by: yelena585
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