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Module 12 - Africa

Lesson 4 - North and West African Civilizations

QuestionAnswer
Muslim States (12.1) What happened when Muhammad died in 632? Many Muslims swept the northwest part of the Africa and converted people with battle or peacefully.
What happened with most of the Berbers? Many people converted to Islam but some maintained their Berber identities and loyalties.
What did the Muslims reformers do? After they did their pilgrimage, or Haji, they formed the Almoravid empire.
Who is Ibn Tumart? Ibn Tumart was a follower of Islam and in his mid-twenties, he left his home to encourage people to memorize the Qur'an and preached about the orthodox teachings of Islam.
What happened after the Almohads came back from their pilgrimage?(12.1) Ibn Tumart criticized the later Almoravid rulers for moving away from the traditional practices of Islam.
Empire of Ghana (12.2) How did Ghana become a kingdom in the 700s? They became a kingdom because the rulers got rich off of taxing traders when they came through their trade route.
How did the gold-salt trade work? It worked with Arab and Berber traders bringing salt, weapons, manufactured goods, and cloth into markets on the savanna while traders from the south brought gold up to the Arab and Berber traders.
What did the Ghana king do to overpower the surrounding chiefs? The king would demand taxes and gifts from surrounding lands and if they did then the king wouldn't attack them.
What was the social class structure like in Ghana? The first class was the king, second class was people who ran the government and the third class was the workers of the society.
What happened by the end of the 11th century?(12.2) Ghana converted to Islam and Muslim advisers helped out with the government.
Empire of Mali(12.3) What did miners find farther east? They found more gold deposits which made the trade routes shift east.
Mali used to be a poor state, how did they get rich? With the trade routes shifting east, they did what Ghana did and taxed traders who went through the route.
What happened when Sundiata became emperor? He conquered the kingdom of Ghana and important trading cities like Walata and Koumbi Saleh.
Why was Mansa Musa such a great leader? He was a great leader because he 100,000 men army protected the village and while he was emperor he expanded the empire roughly two times the size of Ghana.
Why was Ibn Battuta important?(12.3) Because he traveled for 27 years throughout the Islamic world and praised people for their studying of the Qur'an but also criticized people for not practicing Islam's moral code.
Empire of Songhai (12.4) How did the Songhai become an Empire? They expanded their territory to the Niger river and controlled all of the important trade routes.
What happened in 1468? Sunni Ali achieved his first military triumph, he conquered the city of Timbuktu, which was an important part of the Mali empire.
Why was Askia Muhammad an excellent administrator?(12.4) He set up an efficient tax system and chose officials, he appointed officials for treasury, navy, army, as well as agriculture, and he included a class of artisans.
Other Peoples of West Africa (12.5) What happened in west Africa? While empires fell, city-states developed and some were influenced by Islam but others stayed to their own traditions.
Why wasn't there a Hausa Empire? Because there was constant fighting between the city-states prevented them from becoming an empire.
Why were Yoruba kings considered divine? They were considered divine because they were the religious and political leaders in their kingdoms.
What happened with the Kingdom of Benin?(12.5) The Portuguese traded with Benin for slaves and other goods and began several centuries of European interference in Africa.
Created by: 26acaporale
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