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chapter 10
respiratory system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bronchi/o | bronchus, airway |
| pector/o | chest |
| pleur/o | pleura (lining of lungs) |
| spir/o | breathing |
| paranasal sinuses | air-filled space in the skull that opens into the nasal cavities |
| palate | roof of the mouth; partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate |
| Larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
| glottis | opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
| bronchial tree | branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli |
| Alveoli | thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange gases |
| Bronchioles | progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways |
| Lobes | subdivisions of the lung, with two on the left and three on the right |
| pleura | membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) |
| Diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down |
| Cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |
| parenchyma | functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
| crackles | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis; also called rale |
| wheezes | high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway; occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema |
| rhonchi | added sound with a musical pitch during inhaling or exhaling heard on auscultation of the chest caused by air passing through narrowed bronchi or due to mucus buildup; |
| caseous necrosis | degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance |
| expectoration | coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs |
| hemoptysis | coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs (ptysis = to spit) |
| hypercapnia | excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood (capno = smoke; carbo = coal); also called hypercarbia |
| hypoventilation | deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia |
| hypoxemia | deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
| pulmonary edema | fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding into the alveoli |
| rhinorrhea | thin, watery discharge from the nose (runny nose) |
| asthma | panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough |
Created by:
marlenim
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