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Jude 6th - Chapter 8
Chapter 8: The Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eurasia | large landmass made up of two continents, Europe and Asia |
| Ural Mountains | natural border that separates Europe and Asia |
| peninula | body of land surrounded by water on 3 sides |
| Carpathian Mountains | run through Romania, Ukraine, and Slovakia |
| Alps | run through Austria, Italy, Switzerland, and France |
| Apennines Mountains | run through Italy |
| Dinaric Mountains | run through Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina |
| Pyrenees Mountains | mountains that separate Spain and France |
| Middle Ages | period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the fall of Constantinople in the East that lasted 1,000 years |
| Dark Ages | first 500 years of the Middle Ages, after the fall of the Roman Empire when government, education, and culture were being forgotten |
| King Charles the Great | great king and protector of the Church; crowned emperor by the pope |
| Charlemagne | nickname for King Charles the Great |
| Scandinavia | lands of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark |
| Vikings | Norsemen called themselves this name when they sailed away from their lands on conquests |
| Danube River | longest river in Europe |
| Rhine River | river that flows north from the Swiss Alps |
| Feudalism | the form of government in the Middle Ages; shaped like a triangle |
| fief | a piece of land given by a lord to a vassal in return for military service |
| vassal | a person who has sworn allegiance to a higher lord and gives him military service in exchange for fiefs |
| tenant farmers | a person who lives on and farms land owned by another person and who pays rent to the owner of the land; however they were not enslaved |
| serf | someone who is bound to work land held by a lord and who owes work to the lord |
| manor | farmlands owned by a feudal lord |
| knight | warriors and protectors of the Middle Ages |
| squire | young boy who would start his knighthood training |
| double-edge sword | knight's greatest weapon |
| Code of Chivalry | knights swore to live by a Christian moral code |
| honor | highest virtue of chivalry for a knight |
| King Arthur | head of the legendary Kingdom of Camelot and Knights of the Round Table |
| pilgrimage | a journey to a sacred place |
| Great Schism of 1054 | the split of the Christian Church into two sections - West and East |
| Roman Catholic Church | religion of the Western part of the Empire; head of the Church is the Pope |
| Eastern Orthodox Church | religion of the Eastern part of the Empire; head of the Church is the Patriarch |
| excommunication | to cut a member off from participation in the Church |
| 8 | # of major crusades |
| 200 years | how long the crusades lasted |
| Holy Land | land that the Crusades were being fought over |
| Church of the Holy Sepulchre | church in Jerusalem that houses both the site of Jesus' death and the site of his Resurrection |
| merchant | someone who does not make goods, but rather buys and sells them |
| mint | to coin money |
| barter | to trade by exchanging goods for other goods without money |
| Romanesque | medieval style of architecture characterized by semi-arches, ceilings made of columns and shaped like half-barrels, usually in the shape of a cross |
| Gothic | medieval style of architecture characterized by pointed spirals, intricate stone carvings, supported by flying buttresses |
| nation-state | people sharing one language and culture, united by one form of government |
| England and France | first two nation-states to develop in Europe |
| King Henry II | king who tried to control both the crown and the church; resulted in murdering his friend Thomas Becket when he did not help him control the Church |
| St. Thomas Becket | saint, martyr, and bishop who died defending the Church from corrupt clergy and a jealous king in England |
| Robin Hood | legendary green-hooded hero who stole from the rich and gave to the poor |
| St. Dominic | founder of the Dominican order, talented preacher, and given the rosary by Mary |
| St. Francis of Assisi | founder of the Franciscan order, worked on rebuilding God's Church from both the inside and outside, and received the stigmata |
| Black Death | terrible disease that spread throughout all of Europe during the Middle Ages; also known as the Bubonic Plague |
Created by:
MissMisiak
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