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chapter 7

the endocrine system

TermDefinition
adren/o adrenal/o adrenal gland
gluc/o glucos/o glyc/o glucose (sugar)
ket/o keton/o ketone bodies
located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called suprarenal glands adrenal glands
glucocorticoids hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid
catecholamine hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response
epinephrine hormone that is secreted is secreted in response to fear or physical injury; also adrenaline
norepinephrine hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress
endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon; also called pancreatic islets islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) hormone that initiating the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretions of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males
luteinizing hormone (LH) hormone that causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; causes the secretion of testosterone in the testes
prolactin (PRL) hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy; also called lactogenic hormone
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hormone released by the posterior pituitary that influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules; also called vasopressin
thymus located in the mediastinum (partition between the lungs) anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin
calcitonin hormones that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
insulin pump therapy use of insulin delivery device that is worn on the body (usually the abdomen) and subcutaneously infuses doses of insulin programmed according to the individual needs of the diabetic patient; also called continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)
any of several agents used to control blood glucose levels in treatment of diabetes mellitus antidiabetic drug
hormone replacement therapy (HRT) treatment with a hormone to correct a hormonal deficiency (e.g., estrogen, testosterone, thyroid)
exophthalmos protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball. Also called exophthalmus.
hirsutism excessive hair growth over the body, unusual places.
ketosis an abnormal amount of ketone ( acetone, beta hyrdoxybutytric acid, and acetoacetic) bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate such as in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation. Also called ketoacidosis
polydipsia excessive thirst
acromegaly disease characterized by enlarged features, especially of the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor
gigantism a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood development that leads to an abnormal over growth of bone, especially of the long bones, most often caused by a pituitary tumor, also called gigantism.
goiter enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation
graves disease the most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by an autoimmune defect that creates antibodies that stimulate the over production of thyroid hormone, exophthalmos is a featured characteristic.
myxedema advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin
infantile hypothyroidism A condition caused by congenital hypothyroidism in children that results on a development disability and short physical stature, the thyroid is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed.
Created by: marlenim
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