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Chapter 4
nervous system and psychiatry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cerebell/o | cerebellum (little brain) |
| Gangli/o | ganglion (knot) |
| Lex/o | word or phrase |
| Phor/o | carry or bear |
| Phren/o | mind |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebrum | largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge a nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie |
| frontal lobe | anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality |
| parietal lobe | portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch |
| temporal lobe | portion that lies below the frontal lobe; responsible for hearing, taste and smell |
| occipital lobe | portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter; responsible for higher mental functions (cortex = bark) |
| thalamus | each of two masses of gray matter deep withing the brain between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex |
| sulci | shallow groves that separate gyri |
| brainstem | region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature; the three levels are mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves) |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands |
| sympathetic nervous system | division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations |
| parasympathetic nervous system | division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience |
| hypochondriasis | a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | electrical shock applied to the brain to induce convulsions; used to treat patients with severe depression. |
| psychotropic drugs | medications used to treat mental illnesses (trop/o = a turning) |
| Antianxiety Agents | drugs used to reduce anxiety; also called anxiolytic agents. |
| Neuroleptic agents | drugs used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| GCS | Glasgow Coma Scale; a neurologic scale used to assess level of consciousness |
| a neurologic scale used to assess level of consciousness | a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose (deliro= to draw the furrow awry when plowing, to go off the rails). |
| sciatica | pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots |
Created by:
mmendez11
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