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Phlebotomy Tests
Clinical Correlation
| Test | Clinical Correlation |
|---|---|
| Blood group and type (ABO and Rh) | ABO group and Rh factor |
| pH | Acid base balance |
| Sodium | Acid-base balance |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Adrenal and pituitary gland function |
| Cortisol | Adrenal cortex function |
| Aldosterone | Adrenal function |
| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | Altered protein-binding capacity |
| Aluminum (Al) | Aluminum toxicity |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) | Anemia |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | Anemia |
| Hemoglobin (Hgb) | Anemia |
| Hemoglobin/hematocrit (H&H); Hgb/Hct | Anemia |
| Red blood cell (RBC) count | Anemia |
| Iron | Anemia |
| Iron-binding capacity | Anemia |
| Vitamin B12 | Anemia |
| Folate | Anemia |
| Direct antihuman globulin test (DAT) or direct Coombs | Anemia or hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| Complete blood count (CBC) | Anemia, infection, leukemia, or bleeding disorders |
| Febrile antibody panel | Antibody screen for Salmonella, Rickettsia, Brucella, Francisella tularensis |
| Lithium (Li) | Antidepressant drug monitoring |
| Cold agglutinins | Atypical pneumonia |
| Copper | Biliary cirrhosis |
| Platelet (Plt) | Bleeding disorders |
| Crossmatch | Blood compatibility |
| Antibody identification (ID)/screen | Blood transfusion |
| Type and screen | Blood transfusion |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | Bone disorders |
| Calcium | Bone disorders, nephritis |
| Reticulocyte count (Retic) | Bone marrow function |
| Antibiotic assays (amikacin, gentamicin, theophylline, tobramycin, vancomycin) | Broad-spectrum antibiotics |
| Vitamin D | Calcium absorption |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | Carbon monoxide toxicity |
| Fibrinogen | Coagulation disorders |
| Antithrombin III | Coagulation disorders |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) panel | Coagulation/fibrinolytic systems |
| Osmolality | Comatose patients |
| Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) | Congestive heart failure |
| Cholesterol | Coronary artery disease |
| Lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], very-low density lipoprotein [VLDL]) | Coronary heart disease |
| Triglycerides | Coronary heart disease |
| Apo-A, Apo-B lipoprotein | Coronary heart disease |
| International normalized ratio (INR) | Coumadin therapy |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | Coumadin therapy and coagulation disorders |
| Factor assays | Detect specific clotting factor function |
| Drug screen | Detection and identification of drugs |
| Epstein-Barr virus panel | Detection of Epstein-Barr virus |
| Hemoglobin A1c | Diabetes mellitus |
| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | Diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia |
| Fibrin degradation product (FDP) | DIC |
| D-Dimer (D-DI) | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic disorders |
| Phosphorus | Endocrine and bone disorders |
| Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) | Evaluation of overall health |
| Chemistry panels (cardiac, hepatic, metabolic, and renal) | Evaluation of various organ systems |
| Carotene, beta | Fat malabsorption |
| Electrolytes (Lytes) Na, K, Cl, CO2 | Fluid and acid-base balance |
| Ionized calcium (iCA2+) | Follow-up test for abnormal total calcium results |
| Gastrin | Gastric malignancy or pernicious anemia |
| Insulin | Glucose metabolism and pancreatic function |
| Digoxin | Heart stimulant |
| Heparin anti-Xa assay | Heparin therapy |
| Partial thromboplastin time (PTT); activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) | Heparin therapy and coagulation disorders |
| Ammonia (NH3) | Hepatic encephalopathy |
| Hepatitis B surface antigen | Hepatitis B infection |
| Hemoglobin electrophoresis | Hgb abnormalities |
| Anti-HIV | HIV |
| Western blot | HIV |
| Viral load | HIV monitoring |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Hypercalcemia; Parathyroid function |
| C-peptide | Hypoglycemia |
| Glucose | Hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus |
| Vitamin B6 | Hypophosphatasia |
| T-cell count | Immune function/HIV monitoring |
| Immunoglobulin levels | Immune system function |
| Complement levels | Immune system function/autoimmune disorders |
| Rubella titer | Immunity to German measles |
| Anti-hepatitis B surface antigen | Immunity to hepatitis B |
| Hepatitis B surface antibody | Immunity to hepatitis B |
| Quantitative protein assay C3, C4, Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), haptoglobin | Immunoglobulin disorders, hemolytic anemia |
| Plasminogen | Impaired fibrinolysis |
| White blood cell (WBC) count | Infection or leukemia |
| Differential (Diff) | Infection, anemia, leukemia, blood dyscrasias |
| Mononucleosis screen (Mono test) | Infectious mononucleosis |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | Inflammatory disorders |
| C-reactive protein | Inflammatory processes |
| Ethanol/alcohol (ETOH) | Intoxication |
| Ferritin | Iron deficiency |
| Total protein (TP) | Kidney and liver disorders |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Kidney disorders |
| Creatinine (Creat) | Kidney disorders |
| Uric acid | Kidney disorders, gout |
| Bilirubin, total and direct (Bili) | Liver and hemolytic disorders |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | Liver disease |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | Liver disorders |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | Liver disorders, cardiac muscle damage |
| Protein | Liver, kidney, bone marrow, metabolic, or nutritional disorder |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | Malignancy |
| Albumin | Malnutrition or liver disorders |
| Calcitonin | Medullary thyroid carcinoma |
| Basic metabolic panel (BMP) | Metabolism |
| Homocysteine (Hcy) | Methionine metabolism disorder |
| MI panel (CK isoenzyme [CK-MB], myoglobin [Myo], troponin [Tn]) | MI |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) | MI |
| Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB, CK-MM, CK-BB) | MI, muscle damage, brain damage |
| Cyclosporine | Monitoring of cyclosporine levels |
| Therapeutic drugs (digoxin, theophylline [theo], phenobarbital, phenytoin [Pheny], carbamazepine [Carb], valproic acid [val ac]) | Monitoring of medications for seizures, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, asthma |
| Chromium (Cr) | Monitoring of prosthetic implant |
| Protein electrophoresis | Multiple myeloma/abnormal proteins |
| Myoglobin | Muscle damage |
| Lactate (lactic acid) (Lact) | Muscle disorders |
| Potassium | Muscle function, heart contraction/cardiac output |
| Magnesium | Musculoskeletal disorders |
| Troponin I and T | Myocardial function |
| Creatine kinase (CK) | Myocardial infarction (MI), muscle damage |
| Lead (Pb) | Neurological function |
| Cancer antigen (CA-125) | Ovarian cancer |
| Amylase | Pancreatitis |
| Lipase | Pancreatitis |
| Hepatitis B core antibody | Past or present hepatitis B infection |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Pituitary function |
| Platelet (Plt) aggregation | Plt function |
| Porphyrins | Porphyria cutanea tarda |
| Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) | Pregnancy, testicular cancer |
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Pregnancy, testicular tumor |
| Acid phosphatase | Prostate cancer |
| Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) | Prostatic cancer |
| Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) | Prostatic cancer |
| Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer | Rheumatic fever |
| Rheumatoid factor (RF) | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Salicylate (aspirin) | Salicylate toxicity |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) | Sarcoidosis |
| Blood culture | Septicemia |
| Sickle cell screening | Sickle cell anemia |
| Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) | Syphilis |
| Rapid plasmin reagin (RPR) | Syphilis |
| Venereal Disease ResearchLaboratory (VDRL) | Syphilis |
| Antinuclear antibody (ANA) | Systemic lupus erythematosus/autoimmune disorders |
| Fluorescent antinuclearantibody (FANA) | Systemic lupus erythematosus/autoimmune disorders |
| Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) | Testicular and ovarian cancers |
| Testosterone | Testicular function |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone/Free T4 (TSH/T4) | Thyroid conditions |
| Valproic acid (Depakote) | Valproic toxicity |
| Cryoglobulin | Vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and macroglobulinemia |
| Anti-hepatitis A virus | Viral hepatitis A infection |
| Anti-hepatitis C virus | Viral hepatitis C infection |
| Vitamin A | Vitamin A deficiency and toxicity |
| Zinc | Zinc deficiency |
Created by:
cvis
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