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Mod. 5
Medical Terminology - Module 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the function of the cardiovascular system | get oxygenated blood to the rest of the body and to help rid the body of carbon dioxide and other waste products |
| what is the main organ of the cardiovascular system | the heart |
| average heart beats per minut | 60-100 |
| fluid- filled sac that houses the heart | pericardium |
| the three layers of the pericardium | - epicardium - myocardium - denocardium |
| endocardium | - the inner most layer of the heart |
| epicardium | the outer most layer of the heart |
| myocardium | -the thick middle layer - comprised of cardiac muscle |
| name the four chambers of the heart | - right and left atria - right and left ventricles |
| describe the atria | upper chambers of the heart. receiving station for blood coming from the body/lungs |
| describe the ventricles | responsible for pumping blood back to the body |
| name the four valves of the heart | - bicuspid valve - tricuspid valve - pulmonary semilunar valve - aortic semilunar valve |
| also known as the mitral valve | bicuspid valve |
| location of the mitral (bicuspid) valve | between left atria and ventricles |
| location of the tricuspid valve | between right atria and ventricles |
| location of the pulmonary semilunar valve | between right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| location of the aortic semilunar valve | between left ventricle and aorta |
| the arterial system is comprised of | - aorta - arteries - arterioles |
| what is the function of the arterial system | carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart |
| where in the circulatory system does gas exchange occur | capillaries |
| the _________________________ artery is the only exception to the rule. as it carries deoxygenated blood away from the hear | pulmonary artery |
| the venous system is comprised of | veins and venules |
| what is the function of the venous system | carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart |
| the larges vein is _____________________ and it carries blood from the head and upper body | superior vena cava |
| the inferior vena cava empties the | lower bbody |
| the only exception to the rule is the ___________________ vein, which carries oxygen rich blood back to the heart | pulmonary vein |
| four components of blood | - red blood cells - white blood cells - plasma - platelets |
| describe erythrocytes | - red blood cells - carry oxygen throughout body |
| describe leukocytes | - white blood cells - part of immune system ----- fights off infection and other pathogens |
| describe the plasma | - mostly water - also contains proteins, nutrients, waste products and gas |
| describe platelets | - prevents blood from escaping through compromised vessels - initiates the clotting process |
| cardiac cycle | pushes blood throughout body |
| the pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial node (SA node) |
| two phases of the cardiac cycle | - diastole - systole |
| describe diastole | - resting period - heart fills with blood |
| describe systole | - heart contracts - blood is expelled |
| aort(o) | - root word - aorta |
| angi(o) | - root word - vessel |
| vas(o) | - root word - vessel |
| arteri(o) | - root word - artery |
| arteriol(o) | - root word - arteriole |
| atri(o) | - root word - atrium |
| ather(o) | - root word - yellow plaque - fatty substance |
| cardi(o) | - root word - heart |
| coron(o) | -root word - heart |
| ox(o/i) | - root word - oxygen |
| phelb(o) | - root word - vein |
| ven(o) | - root word - vein |
| pulmon(o) | - root word - lung |
| scler(o) | - root word - hardening |
| thromb(o) | - root word - clot |
| valv(o) | - root word - valve |
| venul(o) | - root word - venule |
| ventricul(o) | - root word - ventricle |
| brady | - prefix - slow |
| tachy | - prefix - fast |
| graph | - suffix - instrument used to record |
| graphy | - suffix - process of recording |
| gram | - suffix - picture of recording |
| arrhythmia | -irregular or loss of rhythm of the heart beat |
| arteriosclerosist | - hardening of the arterial walls - results in inefficient function of the arteries - ultimately leading to inefficient functioning of the tissues and vital organs |
| atherosclerosis | - hardening of the arteries du to accumulation of fatty deposits |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | - caused by a reduced outflow of blood from the left side of the heart - leads to increased fluid accumulation in the lungs |
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | - blood clot occurring in the deeper veins of the body |
| embolus | - mass of matter found in the blood or lymph vessel - usually leads to infarcts/tissue death |
| fibrillation | - abnormal rhythm of the heart muscle - can lead to cardiac arrest and death if left untreated |
| hypertension (HTN) | - consistently high blood pressure that leads to damage of the heart and blood vessels over time |
| ischemia | - temporary disruption of blood flow to the tissue secondary to occlusion of blood vessels |
| myocardial infarction (mi) | - heart attack - caused by a partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries. |
| describe lymph | - clear, protein rich fluid |
| lymph nodes are responsible for | distributing immune cells (lymphocytes) |
| describe lymphocytes | - type of white blood cell - immune cells that ward off foreign invaders - work along blood vessels |
| what is the function of the lymph vessels | collect protein and water and bring them back to the heart |
| locations where clusters of lymph nodes rest in high concentrations | - axillary lymph nodes - cervical - inguinal |
| where are the axillary lymph nodes | under the arm |
| where are the cervical lymph nodes | in the neck |
| where are the inguinal lymph nodes | in the groil |
| other associated organs with the lymph system | - spleen - tonsils - thymus |
| what is the function of the thymus gland | produces cells that destroy foreign substances |
| what are the functions of the spleen and tonsils | - filter bacteria and foreign materials from body |
| aden(o) | - root word - gland |
| lymph(o) | - root word - lymph |
| lymphaden(o) | - root word -lymph node (gland) |
| splen(o) | - root word - spleen |
| apheresis | - suffix - removal |
| blast | - suffix - immature |
| cytosis | - suffix - condition of cells |
| emia | - suffix - blood conditions |
| globulin | - suffix - protein |
| globin | - suffix - protein |
| phoresis | - suffix - carrying/transmission |
| poiesis | - suffix - formation |
| stasis | - suffix - stop or control |
| lymphedema | - accumulation of lymph fluid in the body - can be hereditary (primary lymphedema) - can be a result of distribution of lymph nodes through trauma (surgery) of through radiation (secondary lymphedema) |
| lymphoma | - tumors of the lymph tissue - usually starts in cervical region and spreads - on most occasions it is malignant - rare occasions it is benign |
| external respiration | air enters in to lungs and gas exchange occurs in lung capillaries |
| internal respiration | between body cells and the capillaries that surround them. oxygen exchange passed between blood stream and tissues and Co2 is passed from tissues to the blood stream |
| the process of respiration begins with the | nose |
| another term for the nostrils in the nose | nares |
| flow of air in the nose | - nares - nasal cavity |
| the nasal cavity is lined with little hairs called | cilia |
| what is the function of cilia in the nasal cavity | moisten t air and filter out foreign particles (dust) |
| what are the paranasal sinuses | hollow air spaces that join of the nasal cavity, lined with a mucous membrane |
| pharynx is other wise known as | the throat |
| name the three parts of the pharynx | -nasopharynx -oropharynx -hypopharynx |
| the _______________________ is closest to the nasal cavity and contains the adenoids | nasopharynx |
| function of the adenoids | part of the body's lymphatic system acting to ward off bacteria and other foreign substances |
| where are tonsils located | oropharynx |
| the hypopharynx is divided into | larynx and esophagus |
| voice box is located in | larynx |
| passage to the stomach | esophagus |
| air from the nasal cavity flows into the (esophagus/larynx) and pass into the lungs | air flows into the larynx |
| what is the epiglottis | a flap of cartilage that covers the larynx when food is travelling from the mouth into the esophagus. Keeping the food from passing into the lungs |
| after the larynx the air flows into the ________________ (or the windpipe) | Trachea |
| the trachea is kept open by ___________________ that help stabilized the tube | rings of cartilage |
| thyroid cartilage | - the adam's apple |
| two branches of the trachea | bronchioles |
| alveoli | - at the end of the bronchioles - site of gas exchange |
| pleura | - membranes that surrounds the lungs - moistened with fluid - assists in the movement of the lungs within the chest |
| the (right/left) lung is divided into three lobes, and the (right/left) only has two lobes | Right = 3 lobes Left = 2 lobes |
| diaphragm | - bottom border of the lungs - muscle - separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| diaphragm during inhalation | contracts and distends |
| diaphragm during expiration | the diaphragm relaxes |
| alveol(o) | - root word - alveolus |
| bronch(o) | - root word - bronchus |
| epiglott(o) | - root word - epiglottis |
| laryng(o) | - root word - larynx |
| nas(o) | - root word - nose |
| rhin(o) | - root word - nose |
| ox(o/i) | - root word - oxygen |
| pharyng(o) | - root word - pharynx/throat |
| pleur(o) | - root word - pleura |
| pneum(o) | - root word - lung/air |
| pulmon(o) | - root word - lung/air |
| spir(o) | - root word - to breathe |
| thorac(o) | - root word - chest |
| tonsill(o) | - root word - tonsils |
| trache(o) | - root word - trachea |
| an | - prefix - without/absent |
| a | - prefix - without/absent |
| endo | - prefix - within |
| inter | - prefix - between |
| intra | - prefix - within |
| capnia | - suffix - carbon dioxide |
| centesis | - suffix - surgical puncture to aspirate fluid |
| ectasis | - suffix - stretching/expansion |
| gram | - suffix -record |
| graphy | - suffix - process of recording |
| itis | - suffix - inflammation |
| ostomy | - suffix - artificial opening |
| oxia | - suffix - oxygen |
| pnea | - suffix - breathing |
| scope | - suffix - instrument used to visually examine |
| scopy | - suffix - visual examination |
| stenosis | - suffix - narrowing of constructing |
| thorax | - suffix - chest |
| acidosis | respiratory form caused by the elevation of carbon dioxide in the body |
| adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) | form of restrictive lung disease caused by trauma/infection in otherwise healthy individuals - respiratory failure |
| atelectasis | -collapsed alveoli resulting in prevention of gas exchange within the lung tissue |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | lung disease characterised by chronic cough with mucus production (chronic bronchitis)/destruction of the lungs over time (emphysema) |
| croup | acute respiratory condition often found in infants and children characterized by severe shortness of breath and deep cough |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited disease of the exocrine glands, causing a production of thick mucus that causes congestion within the lungs |
| epitaxis | hemorrhage from the nose - nose bleed |
| hypoxia | oxygen deficiency |
| pleural effusion | abnormal presence of fluid within the pleura |
| pneumonothorax | collection of air or gas in the leura as a result of a perforated lung of chest wall |
| oximeter | instrument used to measure oxygen |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the veins |
| angiogram | picture of the blood vessels |
| thrombolysis | destruction or breakdown of a clot |
| atrioventricular | pertaining to the atria and the ventricles |
| "clot formation" | thrombogenesis |
| "spasm of the blood vessels" | vasospasm |
| "to suture the heart" | cardiorrhaphy |
| "hardening of the arteries" | arteriorsclerosis |
| "around the heart" | pericardium |
| "pertaining to the ventricles" | ventricular |
| lymphangioma | tumor comprised of lymph vessels |
| lymphocytosis | condition of lymph cells |
| lymphadrenapheresis | removal of lymph nodes |
| "inflammation of the lymph nodes" | lymphadenitis |
| hardening of the lymph vessels | lymphangiosclerosis |
| destruction of the glands | adenolysis |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| pharyngocele | hernia of the pharynx |
| laryngostenosis | narrowing of the larynx |
| tracheostomy | surgical opening of the trachea |
| endopleuritis | inflammation within the pleura |
| pleurocentesis | surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pleura |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of the tonsils |
| pharyngospasm | involuntary movement of the pharynx |
| paralysis of the larynx | laryngoplegia |
| without breathing | apnea |
| incision of the pharynx | pharyngotomy |
| narrowing of the trachea | tracheostenosis |
| structural puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest well | thoracentesis |
| "pertaining to the alveoli" | alveolar |
| "stretching the pleura" | pleurectasis |
Created by:
kandriot
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