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History Study Guide
History Study Guide First Semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic. | He believed that individuals should live in a just rational state |
| Rome’s first code of law | The twelve tables |
| What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? | They differ in matters concerning thier belief in one God(Judeo-Christian) versus many gods (Greco-Roman) |
| How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today. | Individual achievement, dignity and worth are of great importance. |
| A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? | His analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances. |
| Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? | The origin of the state as a social contract |
| One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. | That people should be governed by natural laws |
| What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | Freedom of speech, Freedom of the press, and an end to tax exemptions |
| What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? | The Napoleonic Code, a public school system, and construction of new transportation options including canals and roads |
| Philosophies of John Locke. | He said before society was organized humans had natural rights |
| What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? | John Locke |
| What was the Glorious Revolution all about? | The invasion of England by William of Orange. He easily overthrew James II. The revolution was "glorious" because there was almost no fighting |
| Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? | It strengthened the idea that a monarch's power was limited, not absolute |
| What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? | Improved food supplies, large labor force, and abundant money supply |
| The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? | The steam engine |
| The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? | Railroad construction, factory production, and coal mining |
| Nationalism v. Patriotism (covers more than one question, be sure to define and compare each term) | Patriotism: Creates a feeling of responsibility and a sense of pure pride in one's country Nationalism: Creates a feeling of blind arrogance and a sense of excessive pride at any cost. |
| What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution | The emergence of the working and middle classes |
| What was the objective of the Romantic artists? | To stir up emotions and strong feelings |
| How long did the Enlightenment Period last? | 150 years |
| Mohandas Gandhi | He is responsible for the movement to grant India independence from Great Britain. He also pushed the British government to aid the poor and practiced non-violent methods of protesting British rule. |
| What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? | The First War of Independence. The British called this movement the "Sepoy Mutiny" in India |
| Democracy | All citizens of Athens (a city-state in Greece) had the right to discuss issues openly and to vote in the assembly |
| Enlightenment view of women | Women were considered to have natural rights to home and family |
| The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. | The Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution |
| How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? | It created a government based on a social contract |
| How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? | Issuing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles | The code placed its value on individuals above all else |
| What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? | Efforts to improve sanitation to prevent illness |
| What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? | Labor unions |
| What contributed to German’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? | Germany's national resources, including iron and coal |
| Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? | The decline of the Ottoman empire |
| What had great power in the Third Republic in France? | The voter-elected Camber of Deputies |
| Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? | Britain exploited the nations's diversity and internal divisions |
| What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? | Korea |
| Which system of law appeared first? | Hammurabi's Law Code |
| Aristotle | Analyzing and classifying things as they are, based on observance and investigation |
| Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? | Paul of Tarsus traveled throughout Asia Minor preaching the gospel |
| Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? | Because it would strengthen the idea that the monarch's power was limited |
| A cause of the French Revolution. | The crises in government finances |
| The most political form in classical Mediterranean world | Democracy |
| The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century | The Bubonic Plague |
| Middle Passage | The voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas |
| Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? | Machiavelli |
| The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 | The United States' belief in its right to control North America from coast to coast |
| Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence | To free the colonies from allegiance to Great Britain |
| One effect of the French Revolution | Nationalistic feelings grew |
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susih1023
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