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History Study Guide

History Study Guide First Semester

QuestionAnswer
Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic. He believed that individuals should live in a just rational state
Rome’s first code of law The twelve tables
What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? They differ in matters concerning thier belief in one God(Judeo-Christian) versus many gods (Greco-Roman)
How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today. Individual achievement, dignity and worth are of great importance.
A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? His analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances.
Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? The origin of the state as a social contract
One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. That people should be governed by natural laws
What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? Freedom of speech, Freedom of the press, and an end to tax exemptions
What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? The Napoleonic Code, a public school system, and construction of new transportation options including canals and roads
Philosophies of John Locke. He said before society was organized humans had natural rights
What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? John Locke
What was the Glorious Revolution all about? The invasion of England by William of Orange. He easily overthrew James II. The revolution was "glorious" because there was almost no fighting
Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? It strengthened the idea that a monarch's power was limited, not absolute
What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? Improved food supplies, large labor force, and abundant money supply
The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? The steam engine
The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? Railroad construction, factory production, and coal mining
Nationalism v. Patriotism (covers more than one question, be sure to define and compare each term) Patriotism: Creates a feeling of responsibility and a sense of pure pride in one's country Nationalism: Creates a feeling of blind arrogance and a sense of excessive pride at any cost.
What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution The emergence of the working and middle classes
What was the objective of the Romantic artists? To stir up emotions and strong feelings
How long did the Enlightenment Period last? 150 years
Mohandas Gandhi He is responsible for the movement to grant India independence from Great Britain. He also pushed the British government to aid the poor and practiced non-violent methods of protesting British rule.
What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? The First War of Independence. The British called this movement the "Sepoy Mutiny" in India
Democracy All citizens of Athens (a city-state in Greece) had the right to discuss issues openly and to vote in the assembly
Enlightenment view of women Women were considered to have natural rights to home and family
The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. The Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution
How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? It created a government based on a social contract
How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? Issuing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles The code placed its value on individuals above all else
What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? Efforts to improve sanitation to prevent illness
What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? Labor unions
What contributed to German’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? Germany's national resources, including iron and coal
Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? The decline of the Ottoman empire
What had great power in the Third Republic in France? The voter-elected Camber of Deputies
Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? Britain exploited the nations's diversity and internal divisions
What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? Korea
Which system of law appeared first? Hammurabi's Law Code
Aristotle Analyzing and classifying things as they are, based on observance and investigation
Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? Paul of Tarsus traveled throughout Asia Minor preaching the gospel
Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? Because it would strengthen the idea that the monarch's power was limited
A cause of the French Revolution. The crises in government finances
The most political form in classical Mediterranean world Democracy
The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century The Bubonic Plague
Middle Passage The voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas
Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? Machiavelli
The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 The United States' belief in its right to control North America from coast to coast
Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence To free the colonies from allegiance to Great Britain
One effect of the French Revolution Nationalistic feelings grew
Created by: susih1023
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