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Unit 6
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Radiology | Medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in diagnosis of disease |
| X- Ray | a picture that's created by invisible electromagnetic waves |
| Nuclear Medicine | the use of radioactive substances in research, diagnosis, and treatment. |
| Computed tomography (CT) | x ray procedure with cross section images of a specific body part mostly trunk of the body not limbs |
| Contrast studies | An imaging procedure in which contrast dye is injected into you to enhance the image of a particular body region or structure. |
| Gamma Camera | an electronic instrument that produces images of the gamma ray emissions from organs containing tracer compounds. |
| Gamma rays | penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei |
| Half life | time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by |
| Interventional radiology | image guidance methods to gain access to the deep interstices of most organs and organ systems |
| In Vitro | a procedure performed or taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism (test tube) |
| In Vivo | a process performed or taking place in a living organism (in the body) |
| Ionization | convert (an atom, molecule, or substance) into an ion or ions, typically by removing one or more electrons. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | a picture created by magnetic waves |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | an imaging test used with radioactive dye to see it better |
| Radioimmunoassay | a technique used to determine the concentration of an antigen, antibody or other protein |
| Radioisotope | radioactive form of an element; radionuclide |
| Radiolabeled compound | compounds the emit radiation and can accelerate decomposition processes |
| Radiopaque | appear white obstructing the passage of x-rays |
| Radiolucent | transparent to x- rays; the black part on x-ray image |
| Radiopharmaceutical | a radioactive compound used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes |
| Scan | image of an area of the body |
| Scintigraphy | the process where radioisotopes connect to a drug compound that travels to a specific organ allowing you to see it better on the image |
| Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) | procedure where a gamma camera rotates around a patient and takes pictures from many angles to form a cross sectional image |
| Tracer studies | radionuclide tags attached to chemicals and they follow them |
| Ultrasonography | Soundwaves or vibrations created at a high frequency used to create a picture, usually internal |
| Ultrasound transducer | instrument used in an ultrasound that picks up the ultrasound waves creating an image |
| Uptake | rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue |
| Ventilation- perfusion study | a type of scan that identifies mismatched areas of blood and air supply to the lungs |
| Expose photographic plates | the plates that have film or sensor to record your image |
| Fluoroscopy | medical imaging that shows a continuous x ray |
| Addiction | physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug |
| Additive action | Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs in equal to the sum of the effects of each |
| Aerosol | particles of a drug suspended in the air |
| Anaphylaxis | exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein |
| Antagonistic action | Combination of two drugs gives less than an addictive effect |
| Antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug |
| Brand Name | Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name |
| Chemical Name | Chemical formula for a drug |
| Contraindications | Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment |
| Controlled substances | drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction |
| Dependence | prolonged use of a drug that may lead to a physiologic need for its actions in the body |
| Dose | amount of drug administered |
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | US government agency with legal reasonability to enforce proper drug manufacture and clinical use |
| Generic Name | Legal noncommercial name for a drug |
| Iatrogenic | Condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel |
| Idiosyncratic | unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people |
| Inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor from through the nose or mouth |
| Medicinal chemistry | study of new drug synthesis |
| Molecular pharmacology | study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules |
| Oral administration | Drugs are given by mouth |
| Parenteral administration | drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins |
| Pharmacist | specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs |
| Pharmacy | location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also, the study of preparing and dispensing drugs |
| Pharmacodynamics | study of drug effects in the body |
| Pharmacokinetics | study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time |
| Pharmacologist | specialist in the study of properties, uses, and side effects of drugs |
| Pharmacology | Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drug |
| Physician's desk reference (PDR) | Reference book that lists drug products |
| Receptor | target substance with which a drug interacts in the body |
| Rectal administration | drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum |
| Resistance | lack of beneficial response |
| Response | desired and beneficial effect of a drug |
| Schedule | exact timing and frequency of a drug administration |
| Side effect | adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from use of a drug |
| Sublingual administration | drugs are given by placement under tongue |
| Synergism | combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone |
| Syringe | interment for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body |
| Tolerance | larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve desired affect |
| Topical application | drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body |
| Toxicity | harmful effects of a drug |
| Toxicology | study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body |
| Transport | movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells |
| United States Pharmacopeia (USP) | authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and reaerations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing |
| Vitamin | substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health |
| Receptor | Target of a Drug |
| Antagonistic | A drug that depresses the action of an agonist or binds to a cell receptor without causing a physiological response |
| Synergistic | the interaction of two or more substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than their separate effects |
| Affect | External expression of emotion |
| Amnesia | Loss of memory |
| Anorexia Nervosa | Eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain normal body weight |
| Anxiety Disorders | Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress and avoidance behavior |
| Apathy | Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement |
| Autism | Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior |
| Bipolar Disorder | These disorders are marked by altering periods of mania and depression |
| Bulima Nervosa | Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression |
| Cannabis | substance from which marijuana is made |
| Compulsion | uncontrollable urge to preform and act repeatedly |
| Conversion disorder | Condition marked by neurological symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety or inner conflict |
| Defense mechanism | unconscious technique a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety |
| Delirium | acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, difficulty paying attention, fearfulness; usually reversable |
| Delusion | fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence |
| Dementia | Progressive loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality |
| Depression | Major psychiatric disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement, and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts |
| Dissociative Disorder | Conditions involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perceptions |
| Ego | Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind |
| Fuge | Unconscious flight from customary surroundings |
| Gender Dysmorphia | Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex that causes clinically significant distress. |
| Hallucination | false sensory of perception |
| Id | Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires |
| Labile | Unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change |
| Mania | Elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness and racing thoughts |
| Mutism | no or very little ability to speak |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills |
| Obsession | involuntary persistent idea, urge, or emotion |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior |
| Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) | a form of ocd that makes you particular about things they have to be a certain way, following the rules |
| Paranoia | overly suspicious system of thinking |
| Paraphilia | Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations |
| Personality disorders | Lifelong personality patterns marked by impairment of social functioning |
| Phobia | Lifelong personality patterns marked by impairment of social functioning |
| Post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event |
| Projective (personality)Test | Diagnostic personality test using stimuli to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality |
| Psychiatrist | Physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders |
| Psychologists | Nonmedical professional specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease |
| Psychosis | Disorder marked by loss of contact with reality |
| Reality Testing | Psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy |
| Repression | Defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious |
| Schizophrenia | Chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative |
| Sexual Disorders | Paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions |
| Somaric Symptom Disorder | Presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder |
| Substance Related Disorder | Regular overuse of or dependence on psychoactive substances that affect the central nervous system |
| Superego | Internalized conscience and moral part of the personality |
| Amphetamines | CNS stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression |
| Atypical Antipsychotics | Drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior |
| Benzodiazepines | Drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks |
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy | Electric current is used to produce convulsions and loss of consciousness, effective in the treatment of major depression |
| Family Therapy | Treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts |
| First Generation Antipsychotic Drugs | Early neuroleptic medications that reduce psychotic symptoms |
| Free Association | Psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind |
| Group Therapy | Group of patients with similar problems gains insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other |
| Hypnosis | Induce Trance (state of altered consciousness) |
| Insight- Oriented Therapy | Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings; psychodynamic therapy |
| Lithium | Medication used to treat bipolar illness |
| Neuroleptic Drug | Any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms |
| Phenothiazines | Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs |
| Play Therapy | Treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner |
| Psychoanalysis | Treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior |
| Psychodrama | Group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with others |
| Psychopharmacology | treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs |
| Sedatives | Drugs lessen anxiety |
| Supportive Psychotherapy | Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events |
| Transference | Psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though he/she were a prominent childhood figure |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | Drugs used to treat severe depression |
Created by:
ElinorW.
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