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World War II
History-Social Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| World War II 1939-1945 | Global military conflict which divided the world in two camps: the Allies and the Axis |
| Resentment | Bitter indignation believing one's has been treated unfairly |
| Treaty of Versailles June 1919, conditions for Germany | The treaty of Versailles which marked the end of World War I was considered unfair by Germany. It took away German land, asked for money reparations, did reduce the army to a minimum with no Air Force, submarines or Tanks |
| League of Nations | The League of Nation was an attempt at maintaining World Peace after World War One, preventing wars, favoring disarmament, trying to prevent or minimize human and drug trafficking. At first successful, in was not able to prevent attacks from the Axis in the 1930"s and the absence of United States did affect the League credibility |
| Adolf Hitler 1889-1945, Dictator of Nazi Germany, responsible for the Holocaust plan, or systemic killing of any Jew, any black, any impaired, any Jehovah's witness, any Gypsy, any homosexual, any artist, any resistant, any opponent to Hitler's ideology | Born in Austria, he wanted to be an artist. but was not accepted to Vienna Academy of Fine arts. Living In Vienna, it is there that he developed his Nazi ideology. Just before World War I, he moved to Munich. He would engage as soldier in the war. He would blame the German defeat on lack of patriotism amongst Germans. He became the leader of the Nazi party in 1920-21. The famous ancient swastika became the emblem of Nazi Germany. Under his lead, 11 millions will die(6 millions Jews , 5 millions others.) |
| Nazi ideology, Nazi Party | A totalitarian movement led by Adolf Hitler promoting a racist view of the world, declaring the Aryan race superior to all, brainwashing populations to justify the idea of the Final Solution, or Holocaust, the killing of all Jews or any opponent to Nazis. Nazis wanted to create a German Empire, a pure race, and extend total control over people |
| Axis: a coalition of powers, started in 1936, term used by Italian Dictator Mussolini | Germany, Italy and Japan alliance prior and during World War II. 3 Nations led by Dictators |
| Emperor Hirohito 1901-1989 | At the time of World War II, the Japanese Emperor and his entourage became ultra nationalists and sided with Nazi Germany. It had invaded and attacked China as soon as 1937.During war, it will attack the Americans at Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 , |
| Benito Mussolini 1883-1945 | Fascist dictator of Italy from 1925-1945, sided with Hitler during the War. Fascist meant extreme right, promoted extreme nationalism, militarization of civil life, violent police |
| Mein Kampf | Means " my Struggle": it is a autobiography written by Hitler when he was in prison in Austria, published in 1925. It states his hate against the French, because of the treaty of Versailles, the need of Expansion for Germany, the need to get rid of Jews and impaired,, the need for absolute authoritarian rule |
| Joseph Stalin 1878- 1953 | Dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, ruling by terror from 1929 to 1953. He sided first with Hitler in 1939, with the German Soviet non aggression pact, but in June 1941, Hitler broke the part and invaded the Soviet Union. De facto, Stalin sided with the Allies, Great Britain and United States until the end of World War II |
| Marshal Petain 1856-1951 | Very brave during World War I, this French General became known as the Lion of Verdun. During World War II, the picture was different. Leader of France at the time of War, he surrendered to Germans invasion in June 1940 and established a Government he named Vichy; He was ambiguous and considered a collaborator to Nazi Germany. Condemned to death after the war, General de Gaulle will commute his sentence to prison for life. |
| General Charles de Gaulle 1890-1970 | Charles de Gaulle led the resistance and the French Free Forces in resisting capitulation to Germany. He fought in World War I and was made prisoner. He will be promoted by Petain in 1925 to the military supreme war council. He left for London after Petain was put as head of Government to seek armistice with Germany. June 18, 1940, he called his compatriots to join the Resistance and from that point will lead the Free French Forces. |
| Winston Churchill 1874-1965 | Prime Minister of England, he was a resistant to Nazi Germany from the start and was a major figure and force in building Allies Strategy. Resilient and inspiring, he remains one of the most remarkable figure in British history |
| President Roosevelt 1882- April 1945 | President Franklin D Roosevelt was elected President of United States in 1932,, 1936, 1940 and 1944. He contributed to the Victory over Nazi Germany, and was key to the foundation of what would become the United Nations. He died in Office in 1945. |
| President Truman 1884-1972 | As Vice President to Roosevelt, he became President on April12 of 1945 after Roosevelt death. During World War II, he headed Senate War committee and helped save billions $. He had to decide on the launching of two atomic Bombs over Nagasaki and Hiroshima in August 1945. in June 1945, he witnessed the signing of the United Nations Charter, established to preserve World Peace |
| Final Solution or the Holocaust | A project to kill all Jews, this idea was born in the mind of Adolf Hitler, he started this extermination in 1941 in death camps. Not restricted to Jews, the killing also murdered homosexuals, leftists, non Nazi individuals. |
| German-Soviet non aggression pact August 23 1939 | The two countries agreed to not attack one another for 10 years. But in June 1941, Germany invaded Soviet Union |
| Totalitarian government | A form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, very controlling over private and public life |
| North Carolina involvement | Tar Heels called the waters of Cape Hatteras "torpedo junction" because of German submarines activity there. Germans attacking oil tankers led North Carolina hospitals to care for injured sailors. NC military bases helped and trained the Allies. NC received $2 billions in Federal contract for war material. Shipyards, textile mills produced goods for the troops. Farms participated too. In NC, 1 Million men and women helped in war effort manufacturing, while 361,000 served in the armed forces. |
| Dr. Margaret O.Craighill | A women born in Southport, NC, she was one of the first women to become a Major in the Army Medical Corps |
| Pearl Harbor 12-07-1941 | Japan Attacked the American naval Base in Hawaii, after which the Americans will officially enter the War on the Allies side |
| D-Day 06-06-1944 in Normandy, France | That morning, 4000 allied ships landed in Normandy, Northern France, in an operation meant to liberate France from Germany.They also dropped thousands of paratroopers. To prepare for this operation 100,000 US military personnel had been deployed to Britain since 1942 |
| Postdam Conference, July 1945, near Berlin | United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union, the Big 3 which defeated Germany, met near Berlin to discuss the after war. disarm and demilitarize Germany, divide Germany in four zones, repeal Nazi Germany laws, pressure Japan to stop war |
| Yalta Conference , February 1945, in Crimea | A meeting between Allies, F.D Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin. to discuss the fate of defeated Germany, the participation of Soviet Union in the Pacific against Japan, and the formation of the New United Nations |
| Manhattan Project | A research and development that produced the first nuclear weapons. Led by U.S with support from Canada and U.K. |
| Kamikaze, Japanese word | It means divine wind, but it is a suicide bomber. Used by Japan for the first time in October 1944, against Americans in the Philippines |
| Island Hopping | A strategy used by Americans in Japan, capturing some islands and going around others. |
| Navajo code talkers | Navajo soldiers used their language during war and Japanese were never able to break their codes, thus being key helpers in the Pacific war against Japan |
| Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 | The name of a bombarded city in Japan by an atomic Bomb |
| Nagasaki, August 9, 1945 | The name of a second bombarded city in Japan by an atomic bomb |
| Nuremberg trials 1945-1946 | Trials conducted in Germany against Germans and Japanese Nazi leaders, 12 were sentenced to death, thousands imprisoned |
| Post-War conditions | Immediate conditions in which countries were left after World War II |
| Pacific Theatre | World War II fought in Asia, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean. It started with Japan attacking China in Nanjing in 1937, followed in December 1941 by attacks on Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and Philippines |
| European Theatre | Started with Germany invasion of Poland on 09/01/1939, ended with Germany surrender 05/08/1945. The Allied Powers fought the Axis powers on two major fronts: Eastern and Western and in strategic Bombings |
| Mediterranean and Middle East theatre | Started in June 1940 with Italy entering the war, will end in May 1945. Fascist Italy was on Germany side until the deposition of Mussolini, 07/25/1943. Then the Italian campaign to free Italy from Nazi occupation lasted from 1943 to 1945 |
| Nanjing Massacre 1937 | An episode of mass murder and mass rape by Japan Imperial army in Nanjing, China, leaving between 50-to 300, 000 dead |
| Isolationism | National policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements with other countries. Applied by US in the 1920's and 1930"s |
| Propaganda | Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view |
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