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Concept Dis. Ch 8
Communicable Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| indirect disease transmission would be catching a virus through | contaminated water or insects |
| immunization is effective against disease because it | renders the population non-susceptible |
| isolation of infected individuals is often ineffective because | infected individuals are often unrecognized |
| regulation and inspection of food preparation is an example of | control of indirect transmission |
| Effectively controlling a disease primarily requires a knowledge of | disease's cause & method of transmission |
| congenital syphilis may cause | fetal death |
| Gonorrhea mainly affects | mucous membranes |
| herpes cannot be diagnosed through | biopsy |
| most common sexually transmitted disease | Chlamydia |
| AIDS attacks the immune system through | destroying T lymphocyte |
| AIDS victims are susceptible to widespread infection from organisms that | pose no threat to healthy person |
| homosexual females are not at an elevated risk for | contracting AIDS |
| Blood donation by individuals considered to be at an elevated risk for AIDS is banned because | infected blood can be impossible to detect |
| disease transmitted from person to person | communicable disease |
| communicable disease in which small numbers of cases are continually present in a population | endemic disease |
| communicable disease affecting concurrently large numbers of persons in a population | epidemic disease |
| direct physical contact or by means of droplet spread | method: communicable disease transmission |
| primary methods used to control diseases when effective methods of immunization are not available | identification, isolation, & treatment |
| virus attacks/destroys T lymphocytes, compromising cell-mediated immunity & leading to infections & some tumors | AIDS |
| spiral organism causing syphilis | treponema pallidum |
| clinical manifestation of chancre | primary syphilis |
| clinical manifestation of systemic infection w/skin rash & enlarged lymph nodes | secondary syphilis |
| clinical manifestation of late destructive lesions in internal organs, such as brain/heart | tertiary syphilis |
| clinical manifestation of urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, proctitis | gonorrhea |
| clinical manifestation of superficial vesicles/ulcers on external genetalia & genital tract infection; regional lymph nodes often enlarged/tender | herpes |
| clinical manifestation of cervicitis & urethritis | chlamydia |
| Tests used to diagnose syphilis | demonstration of treponemes in chancre & serological tests |
| Tests used to diagnose gonorrhea | culture of organisms from site of infections & non-culture tests |
| Tests used to diagnose herpes | demonstration of intranuclear inclusions in infected cells, virus cultures & serological tests in some cases |
| Tests used to diagnose chlamydia | detection of antigens in cervical/urethral secretions, florescence microscopy, cultures & non culture tests |
| major complications of syphilis include | damage to cardiovascular system; nervous system in tertiary syphilis may be fatal |
| major complications of gonorrhea include | disseminated bloodstream infection, tubal infection w/impaired fertility, & spread of infection to prostate & epididymides |
| major complications of herpes include | spread from infected mother to infant |
| major complications of chlamydia include | tubal infection w/impaired fertility & epididymitis |
| chlamydia, syphilis & gonorrhea can be treated with | antibiotics |
| herpes can be treated with | antiviral drug shortens infection, not curative |
| virus that caused most cases of AIDS in the world | HIV1 |
| infections are more prevalent in West Africa | HIV2 |
| first cases of AIDs identified in | 1981 |
| HIV was identified in | 1983 |
| blood test to detect HIV became available in | 1985 |
| RNA virus belonging to class called retroviruses | HIV |
| in HIV the viral RNA & important enzyme (reverse transcriptase) are enclosed in a capsid in | core of virus |
| cuts & assembles virus protein into small segments that surround viral RNA, forming infectious virus particles that bud from infected HIV cells | HIV protease |
| HIV invades CD4+ cells & becomes part of cell DNA which means that | the individual is infected for life |
| HIV virus proliferates in infected cells & sheds virus particles, which means | virus present in blood & bodily fluids |
| body forms HIV-antibody, which means | antibody is marker of infection but is not protective |
| HIV's progressive destruction of helper T cells means | compromised cell-mediated immunity |
| with HIV when immune defenses collapse it means | more susceptible to opportunistic infections & neoplasms |
| amount of viral RNA in blood of an HIV infected person reflects | extent of viral replication in lymphoid tissue throughout body |
| blood plasma of a person with an acute HIV infection would have | over a million virus particles per million |
| blood plasma of a person being treated with agents effective against HIV virus would have | extremely low levels of virus |
| estimates extent of damage to HIV infected immune system | determination of # of T lymphocytes in the blood |
| infection in immunocompromised person caused by organism normally nonpathogenic/limited pathogenicity | opportunistic infection |
| drug used to treat HIV infections by binding to reverse transcriptase, blocking DNA polymerase | nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
| converts DNA to RNA | DNA polymerase |
| look alike compounds | analogs |
| nucleoside analogs that resemble normal nucleosides that virus uses to construct DNA | nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors |
| in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors synthesis is disrupted when | analog substitutes for the required nucleoside |
| HIV drug that blocks enzyme that cuts viral protein into segments & assembles them around viral RNA to form infectious virus particle | protease inhibitors |
| protease inhibitors cause the virus particle to be | improperly constructed & is not infectious |
Created by:
lfrancois
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