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Study Guide

1945A World History Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

QuestionAnswer
1. Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic Plato's ideal government was an aristocracy ruled by a philosopher-king. His ideal government was rooted in widom, logic, reason, order, and equality. He believed that in order for people to live in a just way, the state should regulate their lives.
2. Rome’s first code of law The Laws of the Twelve Tables was Rome's first code of laws. From this came the civil law and the law of the nations.
3. What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? Greco-Roman traditions believed in many gods who they saw as humans or supernatural forces of nature. Both Christian and Jewish traditions believe in one God as they are rooted in monotheism.
4. How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today Classic Greeks primarily valued individual achievement in people. In addition, dignity and self-worth were very important in an individual.
5. A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers in government (three branches: legislative, executive, judicial) and checks and balances tremendously influenced our Constitution.
6. Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? Rousseau wanted society to be governed by a social contract as he believed some limitations and controls were necessary in order for a society to function properly.
7. One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
8. The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed Enlightenment thinking included ideas that reason, logic, and natural laws are what guide people. They also included the idea that the people should govern themselves instead of being ruled by corrupt government leaders.
9. What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? All men are born born free, with equal rights and remain free with those rights to liberty, private property, inviolability, and resistance to oppression.
10. What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? Napoleon introduced the Napoleonic Code, a public education system, and different modes of transportation: roads and canals.
11. Philosophies of John Locke He believed that all men are free and equal by nature, and that every man has a right to life, liberty, and property. He went against the theory that monarchs have the divine right and people are naturally subject to it.
12. What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? John Locke.
13. What was the Glorious Revolution all about? The Glorious Revolution was about William of Orange overthrowing James II with little to no bloodshed. He invaded England by doing so.
14. Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? The Magna Carta reinforced the theory of monarchs' power being limited and not absolute.
15. What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? Increased supplies of food, an ever-booming population, a large labor force, and an abundance of money were all factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution.
16. The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? The steam engine.
17. The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? Factories and mines- primarily coal.
18. Nationalism v. Patriotism Nationalism: support for one's nation and its interests, often putting down the interests of other nations. Patriotism: pride in one's country. They both mean identification with one's own nation, but patriotism is the more positive connotation.
19. What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution? The social structure was changed as the middle class and working class emerged.
20. What was the objective of the Romantic artists? These artist wanted to stir people's emotions, senses, intuition, and their imagination.
21. How long did the Enlightenment Period last? From 1685 until 1815.
22. Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi was an Indian lawyer. He used passive resistance to protest against British rule. He led a revolution without any violence or bloodshed.
23. What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? The mistrust of many Indians toward British rule led to the Great Rebellion (AKA: Sepoy Mutiny).
24. Democracy Democracy is a form of government in which the people hold the power and not the ruler. The ruler serves the people and their best interests, not the other way around.
25. Enlightenment view of women The Enlightenment view of women consisted of them having the right to home and family.
26. The Declaration of Independence states that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document? The Second Treatise of Government (written by John Locke).
27. How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? The Constitution reflected many Enlightenment thinkers' views of distrust toward central powers, the protection of people's natural rights and freedoms, and many more ideas like Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers by checks and balances.
28. How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? Following how the leaders of the American Revolution wrote the Declaration of Independence, France's revolutionaries wrote a similar document: the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
29. Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles Many Enlightenment principles were enshrined in the Napoleonic Code: freedom of religion, press, equal treatment, equality in law and opportunity, etc. This code became a model for future civil codes.
30. What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? Improvements were made in sanitation and people made better hygiene choices like washing their hands more often.
31. What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? The invention of the steam engine; the steam engine allowed laborers to work less and the work was done faster and more efficiently.
32. What contributed to Germany’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? An abundance of reserves in both iron and coal. Among other things, iron was used to build railways and make steel, and coal was used to power modes of transportation like the steam engine. All of these things were very important to Germany's growth.
33. Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? The decline and collapse of the Ottoman Empire was owed mostly to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans.
34. What had great power in the Third Republic in France? Coalitions held great power in the Third Republic in France.
35. Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? The Britishes' conquering of India was mostly due to the prominent division. With these divisions, India was weak and the British took advantage of this. They also exploited Indian diversity and made alliances with independent states in India.
36. What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? Japan gained control over the Korean Peninsula.
37. Which system of law appeared first? Monarchy appeared first.
38. Aristotle Aristotle was Plato's most famous student. Though he did include many of his teacher's ideas, he formulated his own thoughts, ideas, and views on life and government.
39. Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? Many people in the Roman Empire found that the one true God (Jesus Christ) was much stronger and more powerful than the Roman gods. They also liked the idea of eternal life and the promise of salvation.
40. Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? Signing the Magna Carta meant John would have to give up his control, privileges, and power. He did not want to do this.
41. A cause of the French Revolution The three estates of France were unequal.
42. The most political form in classical Mediterranean world Democracy is the most political form.
43. The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century The Bubonic Plague ran rampant in the fourteenth century.
44. Middle Passage The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade.
45. Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? The Italian diplomat Niccolò Machiavelli.
46. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 The Monroe Doctrine told European nations that the U.S. would stop tolerating colonization and puppet monarchs.
47. Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence The main purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to give an explanation as to why the colonies decided to break away from Great Britain. It outlined the many hardships colonists endured under British rule.
48. One effect of the French Revolution The French Revolution unified France.
Created by: Leilani Zambrano
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