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Ancient Mesopotamia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mesopotamia | A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. |
| silt | A mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks |
| irrigation | To bring water to a dry place in order to grow crops |
| specialization | the development of skills in a specific kind of work |
| import | bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale. |
| export | to take (goods or services) out a country from abroad to sale. |
| barter | Exchange goods without involving money. |
| surplus | more than what is needed or used |
| city-state | independent state consisting of a city and surrounding territories |
| empire | a large territory or a number of territories under a single authority, such as an emperor |
| ziggurat | an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower made up of a stepped pyramid with outside staircases and a temple at the top |
| polytheistic | belief in many gods |
| social class | system of relationships among groups of people in a society, such as a class system |
| cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. |
| cuneiform | the world's first system of writing developed by the Sumerians |
| currency | money |
| cultural traits | ideas or ways of doing things that are common in a certain culture |
| rule of law | idea that all members of a society-even the rich and powerful-must obey the law |
| Hammurabi's Code | a set of laws that governed life in the Babylonian Empire |
| cavalry | soldiers who fight while riding horses |
| iron weapons | weapons made from iron, stronger than the bronze weapons |
| standing army | a permanent army of professional soldiers |
| elite | representing the best |
| tribute | payment made to a stronger power made to show |
| navigation | the art of steering a ship from place to place |
| colony | an area ruled by a distant country |
| alphabet | small number of letters or symbols, each of which stands for a particular sound |
| Fertile Crescent | region of the middle east that stretches in a large, crescent shaped curve from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea |
| resource | a supply of something that can be used as needed |
| public works | large scale projects such as roads, water systems, city walls and granaries where food was stored after harvesting |
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Valentine Vocabulary
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