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Chapter 10
Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phren/o | diaphragm (also mind) |
| mediastinum | partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (containing the right and left lungs) and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland |
| parenchyma | functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
| crackles / rales | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiestasis or atelectasis |
| rhonchi | sound w/ a musical pitch during inhaling or exhaling heard on auscultation of the chest caused by air passing through narrowed bronchi or due to mucus buildup - low pitch called sonorous rhouncus and high pitched called sibilant rhouncus |
| stridor | high-pitched, crowing sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway |
| dysphonia | hoarseness |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| expectoration | coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs |
| atelectasis | collapse of lung tissue |
| bronchiectasis | abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus |
| empyema / prothorax | accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
| pneumoconiosis | chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos, or silicone |
| pneumonia | inflammation in the lung resulting from infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals |
| PCP | pneumocytic jiroveci pneumonia |
| pneumothorax | air in the lung cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
| PE | pulmonary embolism |
| ARG | arterial blood gas |
| pH | abbreviation for the potential of hydrogen; measurement of blood acidity or alkalinity |
| V/Q | ventilation-perfusion (scan) |
| spirometry | direct measurement of lung volume and capacity |
| tidal volume (TV) | amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration |
| vital capacity (VC) | amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration |
| peak flow (PF) / peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) | measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration |
| thoracoplasty | repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| expectorant | a drug that increases bronchial secretions and promotes coughing them out |
| PFT | pulmonary function testing |
| obstructive lung disorder | condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs |
| restrictive lung disorder | condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs |
Created by:
ccunliffe1
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