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Skeletal System
Vocabulary for the Skeletal System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Skeletal System | Made of organs called bone |
Diaphysis | Long shaft of the bone |
Epiphsis | 2 extermities(ends) of the long bone |
Medullary canal | a cavity in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow |
Endosteum | membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps yellow marrow intact. |
Red marrow | found in certain bones(vertabrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium) produces red blood cells(erthrocytes), latellets(thrombocytes), abd white blood cells(leukocytes). |
Periosteum | contains blood vessels, lymph vesseles, and osteobvlasts. its nesscary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition. |
Axil Skeleton | forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal colum, ribs, and breastbone. |
Appendicular Skeleton | forms the extermities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones. |
Cranium | spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain. Made of 8 bones(frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid.) |
Fontanels(soft spots) | allow for enlargemant of the skull as brain growth oocurs. |
Sutures | areas where the cranial bones have joined together. |
Sinuses | air spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice. |
Foramina | openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone. |
Vertebrae | 26 bones of the spinal cord and provide support for the head and trunk. |
Ribs(costae) | 12 pairs, attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body. |
Sternum(breast bone) | the last bone of the axil skeleton. consists of 3 parts the manubrium(upper region), gladiolus(body), xiphod process(small piece of cartiledge at the bottom). |
Clavicles | 2 of each are found in the pectoral girdle. |
Scapulas(shoulder bone) | provide for attachment of the upper arm bones. |
Humerus | found in each arm. |
Radius | lower arm on thumbside |
Ulna | larger bone of lower arm. |
Carpals | wrist bones(8) |
Metacarpals | palm of the hand(5) |
Phalanges | fingers(14) |
Ox Coxae | 2 bones that form the pelvic girdle. |
Femur | thigh bone. |
Patella | kneecap |
Tibia | Medial bone of the lower leg. |
Fibula | bone of the lower leg. |
Tarsals | ankle bones. |
Metatarsals | instep of foot |
Phalanges | Toes |
Joints | areas where 2 or more bones join together |
Ligaments | hold long bones together at their joints. |
AKA | above-knee amputation |
BKA | below the knee amputation. |
DJD | degenerative joint disease. |
Fx | fracture. |
LS | lumbosacral |
ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
PROM | passive range of motion. |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis. |
RF | rheumatoid factor. |
ROM | range of motion |
THR | total hip replacement |
TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
TKR | total knee replacement |
TMJ | temporalmandibular joint |
TX, Tx | traction |