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APWH/STEARNS

IMPERIALISM

QuestionAnswer
sepoys Troops that served the British East India Company; recruited from various warlike peoples of India.
Rajput Regional princes in India following collapse of empire; emphasized military control of their regions.
Raj British political establishment in India.
Plassey Battle in 1757 between troops of the British East India Company and an Indian army under Sir àjud-daula, ruler of Bengal; British victory resulted in control of northern India.
Clive, Robert Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of British Raj in northern India (18th century).
Presidencies Three districts that made up the bulk of the directly ruled British territories in India; capitals at Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay.
Princely States Domains of Indian princes allied with the British Raj; agents of East India Company were stationed at the rulers' courts to ensure compliance; made up over one-third of the British Indian Empire.
nabobs Name given to British representatives of the East India Company who went briefly to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation.
Cornwallis, Lord Charles Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790s; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption.
Isandhlwana [EE sän dl wä nuh] Location of battle fought in 1879 between the British and Zulu armies in South Africa; resulted in defeat of British; one of few victories of African forces over Western Europeans.
White Dominions Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars of conquest; typical of British holdings in North America and Australia with growing in
settlement colonies Areas, such as North America and Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their permanent home and dispersed and decimated the indigenous inhabitants.
white racial supremacy Belief in the inherent mental, moral, and cultural superiority of whites; peaked in acceptance in decades before World War I; supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer.
great trek Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal.
Boers Dutch settlers in Cape Colony.
Boer republics Transvaal and Orange Free State in southern Africa; established to assert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in 1850s; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into the Boer areas in 1860s.
Rhodes, Cecil British entrepreneur in South Africa around 1900; manipulated political situation in South Africa to gain entry to resources of Boer republics; encouraged Boer War as means of destroying Boer independence.
Boer War Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began the process of decolonization in South Africa.
Cook, Captain James Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 resulting in opening of islands to the West; convinced Kamehameha to establish unified kingdom in the islands
Kamehameha I [kä mAY hä mAY hä, kuh mAY uh mAY uh] Hawaiian monarch who united all of the islands under his rule in 1810. Fought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisors resulting in unified Hawaiian kingdom by 1810; as king he promoted economic change encouraging Western merchants to establi
Great Mahele Hawaiian edict issued in 1848; imposed Western concept of property on Hawaiian land previously shared by Hawaiians; much of private property sold off to Western commercial interests by Hawaiian monarchy.
Created by: mcdougcf
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