Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Key Terms Chapter 3
Disease and Treatment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acute | Sudden, severe; having a short course |
| benign | Not recurrent or malignant, favorable for recovery, describing a tumor that does not spread (metastasize) to other tissues |
| carcinoma | A malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells (from Greek root carcino, meaning “crab”) (adjective: carcinomatous) |
| chronic | Of long duration, progressing slowly |
| cyst | An abnormal filled sac or pouch; used as a root meaning a normal bladder or sac, such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder (root: cyst/o) |
| edema | Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid; causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition; adjective: edematous (eh-DE-mah-tus) |
| etiology | The cause of a disease |
| Gram stain | A laboratory staining procedure that divides bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive, which stain purple, and Gram-negative, which stain red |
| hernia | Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening; commonly called a rupture |
| immunity | The state of being protected against a disease (root: immun/o) |
| inflammation | A localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain, redness, and swelling |
| lesion | A distinct area of damaged tissue, an injury, or wound |
| malignant | Growing worse, harmful, tending to cause death, describing an invasive tumor that can spread (metastasize) to other tissues |
| metastasis | Spread from one part of the body to another, characteristic of cancer; verb is metastasize (meh-TAS-tah-size), adjective: metastatic (met-ah-STAT-ik); from Greek met/a (beyond, change) + stasis (stand) |
| microorganism | An organism too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope |
| necrosis | Death of tissue (root necr/o means “death”); adjective: necrotic (neh-KROT-ik) |
| neoplasia | An abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue; from prefix neo- meaning “new” and root plasm meaning “formation” |
| neoplasm | A tumor, or abnormal growth, which may be benign or malignant (root onc/o and suffix -oma refer to neoplasms) |
| parasite | An organism that grows on or in another organism (the host), causing damage to it |
| pathogen | An organism capable of causing disease (root path/o means “disease”) |
| phagocytosis | The ingestion of organisms, such as invading bacteria or small particles of waste material by a cell (root phag/o means “to eat”); the phagocytic cell, or phagocyte, then destroys the ingested material |
| prolapse | A dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part, ptosis |
| pus | A product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells (root: py/o) |
| sarcoma | A malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue (from Greek root sarco, meaning “flesh”); adjective: sarcomatous |
| sepsis | The presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues; adjective: septic |
| toxin | A poison; adjective: toxic (roots: tox/o, toxic/o) |
| trauma | A physical or psychological wound or injury |
| anesthesia | Loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug |
| auscultation | Listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen |
| biopsy | Removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination |
| cautery | Destruction of tissue by a damaging agent, such as a harmful chemical, heat, or electric current (electrocautery); cauterization |
| chemotherapy | Use of chemicals to treat disease; the term is often applied specifically to the treatment of cancer with chemicals |
| diagnosis | The process of determining the cause and nature of an illness |
| endoscope | An instrument for examining the inside of an organ or cavity through a body opening or small incision; most endoscopes use fiber optics for viewing |
| excision | Removal by cutting (suffix: -ectomy) |
| fixation | Holding or fastening a structure in a firm position (suffix: -pexy) |
| grading | A method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of the cells |
| immunotherapy | Treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the immune system, either specifically or nonspecifically |
| incision | A cut, as for surgery; also the act of cutting (suffix: -tomy) |
| inspection | Visual examination of the body |
| laser | A device that transforms light into a beam of intense heat and power; used for surgery and diagnosis |
| ophthalmoscope | An instrument for examining the interior of the eye |
| otoscope | Instrument used to examine the ears |
| palliative therapy | Providing relief but not cure; a treatment that provides such relief |
| palpation | Examining by placing the hands or fingers on the surface of the body to determine characteristics such as texture, temperature, movement, and consistency |
| percussion | Tapping the body lightly but sharply to assess the condition of the underlying tissue by the sounds obtained |
| prognosis | Prediction of a disease’s course and outcome |
| radiography | Use of x-rays passed through the body to make a visual record (radiograph) of internal structures either on specially sensitized film or digitally; roentgenography (rent-geh-NOG-rah-fe) |
| remission | Lessening of disease symptoms; the period during which this decrease occurs or the period when no sign of a disease exists |
| sign | Objective evidence of disease that can be observed or tested; examples are fever, rash, high blood pressure, and blood or urine abnormalities; an objective symptom |
| sphygmomanometer | Instrument for determining arterial blood pressure |
| staging | The process of classifying malignant tumors for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis |
| stethoscope | An instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body (from the Greek root steth/o, meaning “chest”) |
| surgery | A method for treating disease or injury by manual operations |
| suture | To unite parts by stitching them together; also the thread or other material used in that process or the seam formed by surgical stitching (suffix: -rhaphy). In the skeletal system, an immovable joint, such as a joint between skull bones |
| symptom | Any evidence of disease; sometimes limited to subjective evidence of disease as experienced by the individual, such as pain, dizziness, and weakness |
| therapy | Treatment, intervention |
| vital signs | Measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life |
| acupuncture | An ancient Chinese method of inserting thin needles into the body at specific points to relieve pain, induce anesthesia, or promote healing |
| biofeedback | A method for learning control of involuntary physiologic responses by using electronic devices to monitor bodily changes and feeding this information back to a person |
| chiropractic | A science that stresses the condition of the nervous system in diagnosis and treatment of disease; often, the spine is manipulated to correct misalignment; most patients consult for musculoskeletal pain and headaches (from Greek cheir, meaning “hand”) |
| holistic healthcare | Practice of treating a person as a whole entity with physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs; it stresses comprehensive care, involvement in one’s own care, and the maintenance of good health rather than the treatment of disease |
| homeopathy | A philosophy of treating disease by administering drugs in highly diluted form along with promoting healthy life habits and a healthy environment (from home/o, meaning “same,” and path/o, meaning “disease”) |
| massage | Manipulation of the body or portion of the body to calm, relieve tension, increase circulation, and stimulate muscles |
| meditation | Process of clearing the mind by concentrating on the inner self while controlling breathing and perhaps repeating a word or phrase (mantra) |
| naturopathy | A therapeutic philosophy of helping people heal themselves by developing healthy lifestyles; naturopaths may use some of the methods of conventional medicine (from nature and path/o, meaning “disease”) |
| osteopathy | A system of therapy based on the theory that the body can overcome disease when it has normal structure, a favorable environment, and proper nutrition |
| anaphylaxis | An extreme allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death |
| antagonist | The muscle that opposes an agonist; it must relax when the agonist contracts; also a substance that interferes with or opposes the action of a drug |
| brand name | The trade or proprietary name of a drug, a registered trademark of the manufacturer; written with an initial capital letter |
| contraindication | A factor that makes the use of a drug undesirable or dangerous |
| drug | A substance that alters body function |
| efficacy | The power to produce a specific result; effectiveness |
| generic name | The nonproprietary name of a drug; that is, a name that is not privately owned or trademarked; usually a simplified version of the chemical name; not capitalized |
| phytomedicine | Another name for herbal medicine (root phyt/o meaning “plant”) |
| potentiation | Increased potency created by two drugs acting together |
| prescription | Written and signed order for a drug with directions for its administration |
| side effect | A result of drug therapy or other therapy that is unrelated to or an extension of its intended effect; usually applies to an undesirable effect of treatment |
| substance dependence | A condition that may result from chronic use of a drug, in which a person has a chronic or compulsive need for a drug regardless of its adverse effects; dependence may be psychological or physical |
| synergy | Combined action of two or more drugs working together to produce an effect greater than any of the drugs could produce when acting alone; also called synergism (SIN-er-jizm); adjective: synergistic (sin-er-JIS-tik) |
| tolerance | A condition in which chronic use of a drug results in loss of effectiveness and the dose must be increased to produce the original response |
| withdrawal | A condition that results from abrupt cessation or reduction of a drug that has been used regularly |
Created by:
ghostofpima
Popular Medical sets