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Key Terms Chapter 2
Body Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (ATP) Adenosine triphosphate | The energy compound of the cell that stores energy needed for cell activities |
| carbohydrates | The category of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches |
| cell | The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism, a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues (root: cyt/o) |
| chromosome | A thread-like body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic information |
| cytology | Study of cells |
| cytoplasm | The fluid that fills a cell and holds the organelles |
| DNA | The genetic compound of the cell, makes up the genes |
| enzyme | An organic substance that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction |
| gene | A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form the chromosomes |
| glucose | A simple sugar that circulates in the blood, the main energy source for metabolism (roots: gluc/o, glyc/o) |
| histology | Study of tissues |
| homeostasis | A steady state, a condition of internal stability and constancy |
| lipid | A category of organic compounds that includes fats (root: lip/o) |
| membrane | A simple, very thin, and pliable sheet of tissue that might cover an organ, line a cavity, or separate structures |
| metabolism | The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mitosis | Cell division |
| mucus | A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots: muc/o, myx/o); the adjective is mucous |
| nucleus | The cell’s control center; directs all cellular activities based on the information contained in its chromosomes (roots: nucle/o, kary/o) |
| organ | A part of the body with a specific function, a component of a body system |
| organelle | A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| protein | A category of organic compounds that includes structural materials, enzymes, and some hormones |
| RNA | An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells |
| tissue | A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (roots: hist/o, histi/o); types include epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue |
| abdominal cavity | The large ventral cavity below the diaphragm and above the pelvic cavity |
| abdominopelvic cavity | The large ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| anatomic position | Standard position for anatomic studies, in which the body is erect and facing forward, the arms are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet are parallel |
| cranial cavity | The dorsal cavity that contains the brain |
| diaphragm | The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root: phren/o) |
| frontal (coronal) plane | Plane of section that separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions |
| pelvic cavity | The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal cavity |
| peritoneum | The large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and supports the abdominal organs |
| sagittal plane | Plane that divides the body into right and left portions |
| spinal cavity | Dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord; also called spinal canal |
| thoracic cavity | The ventral cavity above the diaphragm, the chest cavity |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions |
Created by:
ghostofpima
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