Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Key Terms Chapter 12
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenoids | Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils |
| alveoli | The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular: alveolus); an alveolus, in general, is a small hollow or cavity; the term also applies to the bony socket for a tooth |
| bronchiole | One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes (root: bronchiol/o) |
| bronchus | One of the larger air passageways in the lungs; the bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs (plural: bronchi) (root: bronch/o) |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) | A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs |
| carbonic acid | An acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; H2CO3 |
| compliance | A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure; compliance is reduced in many types of respiratory disorders |
| diaphragm | The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root: phren/o) |
| epiglottis | A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea |
| expectoration | The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum |
| expiration | The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation |
| glottis | The opening between the vocal folds |
| hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb) | The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen |
| inspiration | The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation |
| larynx | The enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal folds (root: laryng/o) |
| lingual tonsils | Small mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue |
| lung | A cone-shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax (roots: pneum/o, pulm/o) |
| mediastinum | The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space |
| nose | The organ of the face used for breathing and housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity (roots: nas/o, rhin/o) |
| oxygen (O2) | The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism |
| palatine tonsils | The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually meant when the term tonsils is used alone |
| pharynx | The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx (root: pharyng/o) |
| phrenic nerve | The nerve that activates the diaphragm (root: phrenic/o) |
| pleura | A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura) (root: pleur/o) |
| pleural space | The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity |
| pulmonary ventilation | The movement of air into and out of the lungs |
| sinus | A cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity |
| sputum | The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration; it may contain a variety of materials from the respiratory tract |
| surfactant | A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion |
| trachea | The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi (root: trache/o) |
| turbinate bones | The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell; also called conchae (KON-ke) (singular: concha [KON-kah]) |
| vocal folds | Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production; also called vocal cords |
| acidosis | Excessive acidity of body fluids |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung |
| acute rhinitis | Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold |
| alkalosis | Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids; respiratory alkalosis is caused by abnormally low carbon dioxide levels |
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | The concentrations of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, in arterial blood; reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial (a) blood, such as PaO2 or PaCO2; these measurements are important in measuring the acid–base balance |
| aspiration | The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs; also means the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction |
| asthma | A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes |
| atelectasis | Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse; may be present at birth (as in respiratory distress syndrome) or be caused by bronchial obstruction or compression of lung tissue (prefix atel/o means “imperfect”) |
| bronchiectasis | Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi |
| bronchitis | Inflammation of a bronchus |
| bronchoscope | An endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for tissue biopsy or removal of a foreign object |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis |
| croup | A childhood disease usually caused by a viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction; croup is characterized by a barking cough, difficulty breathing, and laryngeal spasm |
| cyanosis | Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood (adjective: cyanotic) |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands; characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection |
| diphtheria | Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material |
| dyspnea | Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea), sometimes with pain; “air hunger” |
| emphysema | A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli |
| empyema | Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax |
| hemoptysis | The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract (ptysis means “spitting”) |
| hemothorax | Presence of blood in the pleural space |
| hydrothorax | Presence of fluid in the pleural space |
| hyperventilation | Increase in the rate and depth of breathing to above optimal levels, with blood carbon dioxide decreasing to levels below normal |
| hypoventilation | Condition in which the amount of air entering the alveoli is insufficient to meet metabolic needs and blood carbon dioxide increases to levels above normal |
| influenza | An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu” |
| lung scan | Study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotopes in lung tissue; a ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material; a perfusion scan measures blood supply to the lungs after injection of radioactive material |
| pertussis | An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough |
| pleural effusion | Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space; the fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or empyema) |
| pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis; a symptom of pleurisy is sharp pain on breathing |
| pneumoconiosis | Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles; named more specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis |
| pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection; may involve the bronchioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia) |
| pneumonitis | Inflammation of the lungs; may be caused by infection, asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants |
| pneumothorax | Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space; may result from injury or disease or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung |
| pulmonary function tests | Tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry |
| pulse oximetry | Determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood by means of a photoelectric apparatus (oximeter), usually placed on the finger or the ear; reported as SpO2 in percent |
| pyothorax | Accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema |
| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | A respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in the lungs; it is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration |
| spirometer | An apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | The sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death |
| thoracentesis | Surgical puncture of the chest for removal of air or fluids, such as may accumulate after surgery or as a result of injury, infection, or cardiovascular problems; also called thoracocentesis |
| tuberculin test | A skin test for tuberculosis; tuberculin (PPD), the test material made from products of the tuberculosis organism, is injected below the skin; a hard, raised lump appearing within 48 to 72 hours indicates an active or inactive TB infection |
| tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; often involves the lungs but may involve other parts of the body as well |
Created by:
ghostofpima
Popular Medical sets