Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #34270
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is atrophy? | a decrease or shrinkage in cell size. |
| Why do cells change? | escape injury and protect themselves. |
| Shrinkage in tissue leads to | shrinkage in an organ |
| Occurs during early developement. An example would be the thymus gland undegoes atrophy during child hood. | Physiologic atrophy |
| Normal atrophy | Physiologic atrophy |
| Occurs as a result in a decreased workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation. | Pathologic atrophy |
| abnormal atrophy | pathologic atrophy |
| An increase in cell size | hypertrophy |
| three common cell types that undergo atrophy | heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscles |
| 3 causes of hypertrophy | increase in cellular protein,increase in functional demand on the cell, triggers of hypertrophy mechanical and trophic signals |
| Stretching and working out | mechanical signals of hypertrophy |
| Trophic hypertrophy | growth factors, hormones, and vasoactive agents |
| An increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular divison | hyperplasia |
| where is hyperplasia commonly found? | in epithelial cells(skin, mouth), hepatocytes( liver cells),and kidney cells |
| Cells MUST exhibit the capacity to divide | hyperplasia |
| Hyperplasia and hypertrophy can occur | together and both take place if the cell can synthesize dna |
| Compensatory hyperplasia | is normal and enables certain organs to regeneratate at cellular levels |
| cells that can not regenerate include | skeletal muscle, nerve, myocardial,and some cells of the eye |
| Compensatory hyperplasia commonly occurs in | the liver epidermal and intestinal epithelia, hepatocytes, liver cells, bone marrow, fibroblasts, bone and cartilage, and smooth muscle cell see page 68 in book |
| increase in # of cells due to estrogen influence | hormonal hyperplasia |
| who exhibits hormonal hyperplasia | women and men experince it during puberty |
| Where does hormonal hyperplasia commonly occur? | in estrogen dependent organs |
| dysplasia | abnormal changes in size shape and organization of mature cells |
| where is dysplasia commonly found? | in epithelial tissue of the cervix and respiratory tract |
| how can dysplasia be classified | mild, moderate, or severe |
| What often causes dysplasia? | cancerous cell growth or irritating stimuli such as smoking |
| Removal of the stimulus does what to dysplastic changes? | reverses the abnormal cell growth |
| abnormal proliferation of normal cells in response to some type of stimulation | Pathologic hyperplasia |
| Cancer is | abnormal growth on abnormal cells not pathologic hyperplasia because hyperplasia is on normal cells |
| Reversible replacement of one mature cell by another | metaplasia |
| What do columnar epithelial cells do that assists in maintaing a healthy airway? | it works as a filter to keep airways clean but smokers get squamous epithelial cells which do not filter the airway |
| Why is it devestaing for the airway to have metaplasia in the airway? | dysplasia and cancerous transformation can occur |
| What is thought to cause metaplasia? | thought to be caused by stem cells getting confused due to new stimuli (smoking) in the cell's enviroment |
| Celluar injury occurs when? | if the cell is unable to maintain homeostasis |
| when injured cells can recover | reversible injury |
| when injured cells can not recover | irreversible injury |
| what is the most common mechanism of cell injury? | hypoxic injury |
| What is hypoxia? | lack of sufficent oxygen |
| What are causes of hypoxia? | loss of hemoglobin, decreased production of RBC, disease of the cardiovascular system, and poisioning of oxidative enzymes |
| lack of blood supply | ischemia |
| what is the most common cause of hypoxia? | ischemia |
| What causes ischemia? | gradual narrowing of the arteries ( aretriosclerosis) and complete blockage of blood clots ( thrombosis) |
| What is anoxia? | a total lack of oxygen that is sudden |
| Embolus(blood clot), drowning, stroke, and pulmonary embolus are examples of | anoxia |
| which is more damaging anoxia or hypoxia? | anoxia bc its sudden |
| Chemical injury begins when? | a biochemical interaction between a toxic substance and the cell's plasma membrane causing damage and increased permeability |
| What causes cellular injury? | direct toxicity by combining wirh a molecular component of the cell membrane or organelles and reactive free radicals and lipid peroxidation |
| free radicals like to bind with | Vitamin E |
Created by:
Snpatrck
Popular Medical sets