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Body as a Whole
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anabolism | process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces amino acids. Ana- up bol- to cast -ism a process |
| catabolism | process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- down bol. to cast -ism a process |
| cell membrane | Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell. |
| chromosomes | Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, umpired chromosomes. |
| cytoplasm | cyt/o cell -plasm formation all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleric acid) chemical found within each chromosome |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. |
| genes | regions of DNA within each chromosome |
| karyotype | Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. |
| metabolism | Total of the chemical process of a cell. meta- change bol cast -ism process |
| mitochondria | rob-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy “power plants” for the cell mitos means thread chondrion means granule |
| nucleus | control centre of cells |
| adipose tissue | collection of fat cells |
| cartilage | flexible connective tissue often attached to bone at joints |
| epithelial cells | skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs |
| histologist | specialist in the study of tissues |
| larynx | voice box |
| pharynx | throat |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
| thyroid gland | endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
| trachea | windpipe |
| ureter | one for the tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| uterus | womb |
| viscera | internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially the abdomen |
| abdominal cavity | space below the chest containing organs such as liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity. |
| cranial cavity | space in the head containing the brain and surrounded the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull. |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| mediastinum | centrally located space outside of and between the lungs |
| pelvic cavity | space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis, composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity |
| peritonmeum | double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity |
| pleura | double-folded membrane surrounding each lung |
| spinal cavity | space between the pleural layers |
| spinal cavity | space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs. |
| ventral (anterior) | pertaining to the front |
| pleural effusion | collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| ascites | collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| right hypochondriac region | Right upper region below (hypo-) the cartilage ( chondr/o) of the ribs that extend over the abdomen |
| left hypochondriac region | left upper region below the rib cartilage |
| epigastric region | region above the stomach |
| right lumbar region | right middle region near the waist |
| left lumbar region | left middle region near the waist |
| umbilical region | region of the navel or umbilicus |
| right inguinal region | right lower region near the groin (inguin/o = groin) right iliac region |
| left inguinal region | left lower region near the groin. Left iliac region. |
| hypogastric region | middle region below the umbilical region |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| cervical | neck region (C1 to C7) |
| thoracic | chest region (T1 to T12) |
| lumbar | lion (waist) region (L1 to L5) |
| sacral | region of the sacrum (S1 to S5) |
| coccygeal | region of the coccyx (tailbone) |
| vertebra | single backbone |
| vertebrae | backbones |
| bone tissu spinal column | bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
| spinal cord | nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
| disc | pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
| frontal (coronal) plane | vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions. |
| sagittal (lateral) plane | lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides |
| transverse (axial) plane | horizontal (cross-section) plane running body parallel to the ground. |
| anterior (ventral) | front surface of the body |
| deep | away from the surface |
| distal | far from the point of the attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
| inferior | below another structure; pertaining to the lower portion of the body |
| lateral | pertaining to the side |
| medial | pertaining to the middle or near the plane of the body |
| posterior (dorsal) | back surface of the body |
| prone | lying on the belly (face down, palms down) |
| proximal | near the point of the attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of structure |
| superficial | on the surface |
| superior (cephalic) | above another structure; pertaining to the head |
| supine | lying on the back (face up, palms up) |
Created by:
Redrose84
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