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Chapter 6
The Ear
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PE | polyethylene |
| BAER | brainstem auditory evoked response |
| external ear | made up of the auricle (pinna) and the external acoustic meatus |
| auricle/pinna | projected part of the external ear - directs sounds waves |
| external acoustic meatus/external auditory meatus | external passage for sounds collected from the auricle to the tympanic membrane |
| tympanic membrane/tympanum | eardrum; drum-like structure that recieves sound collected in the external accoustic meatus and amplifies it through the middle ear |
| middle ear | structures in the middle of the ear that vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear |
| auditory ossicles | three little bones in the middle ear called the malleus, incus, and stapes |
| auditory tube (Eustachian tube) | connects with the pharynx (throat) to maintain equal air pressure |
| cerumen | a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal |
| malleus/hammer | first of three auditory ossicles of the middle ear |
| incus/anvil | middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear |
| stapes/stirrup | last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear |
| Acoustic Neuroma/Vestibular Schwannoma | a benign but life threatening tumor in the vestibular division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII) ; causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss |
| conductive hearing loss | hearing impairment caused by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing impairment caused by lesions or dysfunction of the cochlea or cochlear (auditory) nerve |
| auditory acuity testing | physical assessment of hearing; useful in differentiating between sensorineural and conductive hearing loss |
| tuning fork | a two-pronged, fork-like instrument that vibrates when struck; used to test hearing, especially bone conduction - 2 types are Webber and Rinne |
| tympanometry | measurement of the compliance and mobility (conductibility) of the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the middle ear by monitoring the response to external airflow pressures |
| otoplasty | surgical repair of the external ear |
| stapedectomy | excision of the stapes to correct otosclerosis |
| perilymph | fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the internal ear |
| endolymph | fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear |
| spiral organ/organ of Corti | structure located in the cochlea; contains receptors (hair cells) that recieve vibrations and generate nerve impulses for hearing |
| vestibule | middle part of the internal ear; in front of the semicircular canals and behind the cochlea, that contains the utricle and the saccule; functions to provide body balance and equilibrium |
| utricle | the larger of the two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the internal ear |
| saccule | the smaller of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the internal ear |
| semicircular canals | three canals within the internal ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the external acoustic meatus |
| otosclerosis | hardening of the bony tissue in the ear |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear usually accompanied by vertigo and deafness |
| Meniere Disease | disorder of the internal ear resulting from an excessive buildup of endolymph, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomitting, and hearing loss; one or both ears can be affected, and attacks vary in both frequency and intensity |
| audiometry | process of measuring hearing |
| audiometer | instrument to measure hearing |
| audiogram | record of hearing measurement |
| audiologist | health professional who specializes in the study of hearing impairments |
| BAER/BAEP | electrodiagnostic testing that uses computerized equiptment to measure involuntary responses to sound within the auditory nervous system; commonly used to assess hearing in newborns |
| pneumatic otoscopy | otoscopic observation of the tympanic membrane as air is released into the external acoustic meatus; immobility indicates the presence of middle ear effusion (fluid buildup) which occurs as a result of otitis media |
| stapedectomy | excision of the stapes to correct otosclerosis |
Created by:
ccunliffe1
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