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Med Term Ch 11
Word parts of the Gastrointestinal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Root of mouth | or/o, stomat/o |
| Root of tooth | dent/o, odont/o |
| Root of gums | gingiv/o |
| Root of tongue | gloss/o, lingu/o |
| Root of stomach | gastr/o |
| Root of esophogus | esophag/o connects mouth to stomach; eso= carry, phago= to eat (carry what you eat) |
| Root of intestines | enter/o |
| Root of duodenum | duoden/o first of 3 sections of small intestine |
| Root of jejunum | jejun/o 2nd of 3 sections of the small intestine (named after "empty", as it is empty during dissections) |
| Root of Ileum | ile/o 3rd of 3 sections of small intestine; name means "groin" as it is located in the lower abdomen |
| Root of colon | col/o, colon/o large intestine; starts at bottom of the abdomen and divides into 3 main sections- ascending colon (going up), transverse colon (going across), and the descending colon (going down) |
| Root of sigmoid colon | sigmoid/o at end of the colon, before the rectum begins |
| Root of rectum | rect/o final portion of colon before arriving at anus |
| Root of anus | an/o |
| Root of anus + rectum | proct/o |
| Root of saliva | sial/o |
| Root of bile | bil/i, chol/e also called gall; substance produced in liver that is required for the body to digest food |
| Root of abdomen | abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o |
| Root of bladder | cyst/o |
| Root of duct | doch/o (referring to common bile duct; multiple smaller ducts called cholangio (bile vessels) leaves liver and empties into the common bile duct (large tube) that empties into small intestine |
| Root of liver | hepat/o, hepatic/o liver is located on right side of abdomen just below rib cage; largest organ in human body except skin; filters more than a liter of blood every minute |
| Root of pancreas | pancreat/o |
| Root of peritoneum | peritone/o membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs |
| Aerodontalgia ER-oh-dawn-TAL-jah | aer= air, odont= tooth, algia= pain tooth pain caused by exposure to air |
| Aphagia a-FAY-jah | a= not, phagia= eat inability to eat |
| Dentalgia den-TAL-jah | dent= tooth, algia= pain tooth pain |
| dyspepsia dis-PEP-see-ah | dys= bad, peps= digestion, ia= condition bad digestion |
| Esophagalgia eh-SAWF-ah-GAL-jah | esophag= esophagus, algia= pain pain in the esophagus |
| Eupepsia yoo-PEP-see-ah | eu= good, peps- digestion, ia = condition good digestion |
| Gastralgia gas-TRAL-jah | gastr= stomach, algia= pain stomach pain |
| gastrodynia GAS-troh-DIH-nee-ah | gastro= stomach, dynia= pain stomach pain |
| Gingivalgia JIN-jih-VAL-jah | gingiv= gum, algia= pain gum pain |
| Gingivostomatitis JIN-jih-voh-STOH-mah-TAI-tis | gingivo= gums, stomat= mouth, itis = inflammation inflammation of the mouth and gums |
| Hematemesis HEM-at-EM-eh-sis | hemat= blood, emesis= vomiting vomiting blood |
| Hyperemesis HAI-per-EM-eh-sis | hyper= over, emesis= vomiting excessive vomiting |
| Odontalgia OH-dawn-TAL-jah | odont= tooth, algia= pain Tooth pain |
| Odontodynia oh-DAWN-toh-DAI-nee-ah | odonto= tooth, dynia= pain tooth pain |
| Stomatitis STOH-mah-TAI-tis | stomat= mouth, itis= inflammation inflammation of the mouth |
| Stomatodynia stoh-MAT-oh-DAI-nee-ah | stomato= mouth, dynia= pain mouth pain |
| Constipation | difficulty passing feces |
| Diarrhea | passing of fluid or unformed feces |
| Dysentery DIS-en-TER-ee | another name for diarrhea |
| Enterodynia EN-ter-oh-DIH-nee-ah | entero= intestine, dynia= pain Pain in the intestine |
| Hemorrhoid HEM-oh-ROID | inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus |
| Rectalgia rek-TAL-jah | rectal pain |
| Cholecystalgia KOH-lay-sis-TAL-jah | chole= bile, cyst= bladder, algia= pain pain in the gallbladder |
| Jaundice | yellowing of skin, tissues, and fluids caused by increasing levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| Icterus | another name for jaundice |
| Sialorrhea SAI-ah-loh-REE-ah | sialo = saliva, rrhea= excessive discharge excessive salivation |
| Gastromalacia GAS-troh-mah-LAY-shah | gastro= stomach, malacia= softening softening of the stomach |
| Gastroparesis GAS-troh-par-EE-sis | gastro= stomach, paresis= partial paralysis Partial paralysis of the stomach |
| Gingivitis JIN-jih-VAI-tis | gingiv- gum , itis= inflammation inflammation of the gums |
| Gingivoglossitis JIN-jih-voh-glaw-SAI-tis | gingivo= gums, gloss= tongue, itis= inflammation inflammation of the gums and tongue |
| Glossoplegia GLAW-soh-PLEE-jah | gloss= tongue, plegia= paralysis paralysis of the tongue |
| Odontoclasis OH-dawn-TAWK-lah-sis | odonto= tooth, clasis= break breaking of a tooth |
| Stomatogastric stoh-MAH-toh-GAS-trik | stomato= mouth, gastr= stomach, ic= pertaining to pertaining to the mouth and the stomach |
| Stomatosis STOH-mah-TOH-sis | stomat= mouth, osis= condition |
| Anophony an-AW-foh-nee | ano= anus, phony = sound sound from the anus |
| Flatus FLAH-tus | medical term for passing gas |
| Hernia | Rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it |
| Steatorrhea STAY-at-oh-REE-ah | steato= fat, rrhea= discharge excessive fat discharged in the feces |
| Ascites ah-SAI-teez | retention of fluid in the peritoneum |
| Biligenesis bih-lih-JIN-eh-sis | bili= bile, genesis= creation formation of bile |
| Cholelith KOH-lay-lith | chole= bile, lith = stone gallstone; literally "a stone in the bile" |
| Hepatomalacia heh-PAT-oh-MEG-ah-lee | hepato= liver, megaly = enlargement Enlargement of the liver |
| Hepatoptosis heh-PAT-op-TOH-sis | hepato= liver, ptosis= drooping condition downward displacement of the liver |
| Pancreatolith pan-kree-AT-oh-lith | pancreato= pancreas, lith= stone stone in the pancreas |
| Sialoangiectasis SAI-ah-loh-AN-jee-EK-tah-sis | sialo= saliva, angio= vessel, ectasis= expansion overexpansion of the salivary vessels |
| Sialolith sai-AL-oh-lith | sialo= saliva, lith= stone stone in the saliva |
| Sialostenosis SAI-ah-loh-steh-NOH-sis | sialo = saliva, sten= narrowing, osis= condition narrowing of the salivary glands |
| Cholangiogram koh-LAN-jee-oh-gram | chol= bile, angio= vessel, gram = record record of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| Cholangiography koh-LAN-jee-AW-grah-fee | chol= bile, angio= vessel, graphy= writing procedure Procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) |
| Cholangiopancreatography koh-LAN-jee-oh-PAN-kree-ah-TAW-grah-fee | Procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) and pancreas |
| Cholecystogram KOH-lay-SIS-toh-gram | chole= bile, cyst= bladder, gram = record record of the bile (gall) bladder |
| Pancreatography PAN-kree-ah-TAW-graw-fee | pancreato= pancreas, graphy= writing procedure procedure for mapping the pancreas |
| Anosigmoidoscopy AN-oh-SIG-moid-AW-skoh-pee | ano= anus, sigmoido= sigmoid, scopy = looking procedure procedure for looking at the anus and sigmoid colon |
| Colonoscopy COH-lon-AW-skoh-pee | procedure for looking at the colon |
| Endoscope | instrument to look inside |
| Endoscopy | Procedure for looking inside |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy eh-SAW-fah-goh-GAS-stroh-DOO-aw-den-AW-skoh-pee | esophago= esophagus, gastro= stomach, duodeno= duodenum, scopy= looking procedure procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| Esophagoscopy eh-SAW-fah-GAW-skoh-pee | esophago= esophagus, scopy= looking proceudre procedure for looking inside the esophagus |
| Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent |
| Gastroscope | instrument for looking at the stomach |
| Gastroscopy | procedure for looking at the stoamach |
| Laparoscope LAP-ar-roh-skohp | laparo= abdomen, scope - looking instrument instrument for looking inside the abdomen |
| Laparoscopy | procedure for looking inside the abdomen |
| Nasogastric tube NAY-soh GAS-trik TOOB | tube inserted through the nose into the stomach |
| Peritoneoscopy PER-ih-TOH-nee-AW-skoh-pee | peritoneo= peritoneum, scopy= looking procedure procedure to looking at the peritoneum |
| Proctoscope PRAWK-toh-skohp | instrument for looking at the anus and rectum |
| Proctoscopy | Procedure for looking at the anus and rectum |
| Sigmoidoscope | instrument for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| Sigmoidoscopy | Procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| Bariatrics BAR-ee-at-riks | bar= heavy, latr= doctor, ics= pertaining to branch of medicine dealing with weight issues |
| Dentifrice DEN-ti-fris | denti= tooth, frice= rub Toothpaste |
| Dentist | specialist in teeth |
| Dentristry | branch of medicine dealing with teeth |
| Gastroenterologist GAS-troh-EN-ter-AW-loh-jist | specialist in the stomach and intestines |
| Gastroenterology GAS-troh-EN-ter-AW-loh-jee | study of the stomach and instestines |
| Orthodontics | brach of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth |
| Orthodontist | specialist in straightening teeth |
| Proctologist prok-TAW-loh-gist | specialist in the anus, rectum , and colon |
| Proctology prok-TAW-loh-gee | branch of medicine dealing with the anus, rectum, and colon |
| Epigastric | upper center portion of the abdomen |
| Hypochondriac | upper side portions of the abdomen |
| Hypogastric | Lower center portion of the abdomen |
| Inguinal | lower side portions of the abdomen |
| Lumbar | middle side portions of the abdomen |
| Umbilical | middle center portion of the abdomen |
| Esophagitis eh-SAWF-ah-JAI-tis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| Gastrits gass-TRAI-tis | inflammation of the stoamch |
| Gastroenteritis GAS-troh-EN-ter-AI-tis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| Gastroenterocolitis GAS-troh-EN-ter-coh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) GAS-troh-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al REE-fluks | disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus |
| Gingival hyperplasia JIN-jih-val HAI-per-PLAY-zhah | gingiv= gum, al= pertaining to, hyper= over, plasia= formation overformation of gum tissue |
| Glossopathy glaws-AW-pah-thee | glosso= tongue, pathy= disease disease of the tongue |
| Glossotrichia GLAWS-oh-TRIK-ee-ah | glosso= tongue, trich= hair, ia= condition overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making the tongue appear to be hairy |
| Periodontitis PER-ee-OH-don-TAI-tis | peri= around, odont= teeth, itis= inflammation inflammation of region around the teeth |
| Pyloric stenosis PAI-lor-ik steh=NOH-sis | pylor= gatekeeper, ic= pertaining to, sten= narrowing, osis= condition narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach |
| Stomatomycosis stoh-MAT-oh-mai-KOH-sis | stomato= mouth, myc= fungus, osis= condition fungus condition of the mouth |
| Stomatosis STOH-mah-TOH-sis | mouth condition |
| Colitis coh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the colon |
| Duodentitis doo-AH-den-AI-tis | inflammation of the duodenum |
| Enterocele EN-ter-oh-seel | hernia of the intestines |
| Enteropathy EN-ter-AW-pah-thee | disease of the intestines |
| Fistula FIS-tyoo-la | any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there |
| Anal fistula | abnormal opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin |
| Colovaginal fistula COH-loh-VAJ-in-al | abnormal opening between the colon and the vagina |
| Diverticulitis dai-ver-tik-yoo-LAI-tis | diverticul= diverticulum inflammation of the diverticula in the colon (diverticulum = little bulge, hernia, or pouch that forms off of the colon) |
| Diverticulosis dai-ver-tik-yoo-LOH-sis | the condition of having diverticula in the colon (diverticulum = little bulge, hernia, or pouch that forms off of the colon) |
| Celiac disease | disease of the intestines due to an adverse reaction to gluten |
| Ileitis IH-lee-AI-tis | ile= ileum inflammation of the ileum |
| Ileocolitis IH-lee-oh-koh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the ileum and colon |
| Jejunitis JE-joo-NAI-tis | jejun= jejunum inflammation of the jejunum |
| Jejunoileitis je-JOO-noh-IH-lee-AI-tis | jejuno= jejunum, ile= ileum inflammation of the jejunum and ileum |
| Malabsorption | incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestines |
| Proctitis | inflammation of the anus and rectum |
| Proctoptosis prok-TOP-toh-sis | procto= anus/rectum, ptosis= drooping condition downward displacement of the rectum and anus |
| Rectitis | inflammation of the rectum |
| Ulcerative colitis UL-sir-ah-tiv koh-LAI-tis | inflammation of the colon, characterized by ulcers |
| Celiomyositis SEE-lee-oh-MAI-oh-SAI-tis | celio= abdomen, myos= muscle, itis= inflammation inflammation of the abdominal muscle |
| Celiopathy see-lee-AW-pah-thee | disease of the abdomen |
| Cholangitis KOH-lan-JAI-tis | cholang= bile vessels inflammation of the bile vessels(ducts) |
| Cholecystitis KOH-lay-sis-TAI-tis | inflammation of the bile (gall) bladder |
| Choledochocele koh-lay-DOH-koh-seel | chole= bile, docho= duct hernia of the (common) bile duct |
| Choledocholithiasis koh-lay-DOH-koh-lith-AI-ah-sis | chole= bile, docho= duct, lith= stone, iasis= presence Presence of a stone in the (common) bile duct |
| Cholelithiasis KOH-lay-lih-THAI-ah-sis | presence of a gallstone |
| Cirrhosis | liver disease named for the change of color in the liver |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| Hepatosclerosis heh-PAT-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | hepato= liver, scler= hardening hardening of the liver |
| Laparocele LAP-ar-oh-seel | abnormal hernia (in abdomen) |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis PAN-kree-AH-toh-lih-THAI-ah-sis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| Peritonitis PER-ih-toh-NAI-tis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| Sclerosing cholangitis skleh-ROH-sing KOH-lan-JAI-tis | scleros= harden inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| Sialadenitis sai-AL-oh-AD-en-AI-tis | sialo= saliva, aden= gland, inflammation of the salivary glands |
| Sialoadenosis sai-AL-oh-AD-en-OH-sis | a condition of the salivary glands |
| sialolithiasis sai-AL-oh-lih-THAI-sis | presence of salivary stones |
| Cholangioma koh-lan-jee-OH-mah | tumor of the bile vessels |
| Colorectal carcinoma COH-loh-REK-tal KAR-sin-NOH-mah | cancerous tumor of the esophagus |
| Esophageal carcinoma eh-SAWF-ah-JEE-al KAR-sih-NOH-mah | cancerous tumor of the esophagus |
| Hepatocarcinoma heh-PAT-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah | cancerous tumor of the liver |
| Hepatoma HEH-pah-TOH-mah | tumor of the liver |
| Antacid | agent that neutralizes acid |
| Antiemetic AN-tih-EE-met-ik | emet= vomiting agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting |
| Cathartic kah-THAR-tik | cathart= cleansing agent that produces bowel movements |
| Sialagogic sai-AL-ah-GAW-jik | agent that causes salivation |
| Esophagectomy eh-SAW-fah-JEK-toh-mee | surgical removal of the esophagus |
| Esophagogastroplasty eh-SAW-fah-goh-GAS-troh-PLAS-tee | surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach |
| Gastrectomy gas-TREK-toh-mee | surgical removal of the stomach |
| Gastroduodenostomy GAS-troh-doo-AH-den-AW-stoh-mee | creation of an opening between the stomach and the intestines |
| Gastrojejunostomy GAS-troh-JEH-joo-NAW-stoh-mee | creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum |
| Gastropexy | surgical fixation of the stomach |
| Gastroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the stomach |
| Gingivectomy | surgical removal of the gum tissue |
| Gingivoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the gum tissue |
| Glossoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the tongue |
| Glossorrhaphy glaws-OR-ah-fee | suture of the tongue |
| Glossotomy | incision into the tongue |
| Odontectomy | surgical removal of a tooth |
| Anastomosis ah-NAS-toh-MOH-sis | creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes |
| Anoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus |
| Colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| Colostomy | creation of an opening in the colon |
| Duodenectomy | surgical removal of the duodenum |
| Enterectomy | surgical removal of the intestines |
| Enterorrhaphy en-ter-OR-ah-fee | suture of the intestines |
| Enterotomy | incision into the intestines |
| Hemicoletomy | surgical removal of half (a portion) of the colon |
| Hemorrhoidectomy HEM-oh-roi-DEK-toh-mee | surgical removal of hemmrrhoids |
| Herniorrhaphy her-nee-OR-ah-fee | suture of a hernia |
| Ileocolostomy IHL-ee-oh-koh-LAW-stoh-mee | creation of an opening between the ileum and colon |
| Ileorrhaphy IHL-ee-OR-ah-fee | suture of the ileum |
| Ileostomy | creation of an opening in the ileum |
| Ileotomy | incision into the ileum |
| Jejunorrhaphy JE-joo-NOR-ah-fee | suture of the jejunum |
| Jejunostomy | creation of an opening in the jejunum |
| jejunotomy | incision into the jejunum |
| Proctoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus and rectum |
| Rectopexy | surgical fixation of the rectum |
| Abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen (usually for the purpose of withdrawing fluid) |
| Abdominoplasty | Surgical reconstruction of the abdomen |
| Celiotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| Cholangiogastrostomy kohl-AN-jee-oh-gas-TRAW-stoh-mee | creation of an opening between the bile vessel and stomach |
| Cholecystectomy KOH-lay-sis-TEK-toh-me | surgical removal of the bile (gall) bladder |
| Choledochoenterostomy KOH-leh-DOH-koh-EN-ter-AW-stoh-me | creation of an opening between the (common) bile duct and the intestines |
| choledochotomy KOH-leh-doh-KAW-toh-me | incision into the (common) bile duct |
| Cholelithotomy KOH-lay-lih-THAW-toh-me | incision to remove bile (gall) stones |
| Cholelithotripsy KOH-lay-lith-THOH-trip-see | (trips= rub) crushing of bile (gall) stones |
| Hepatectomy | surgical removal of the lier |
| Hepaticogastromy heh-PAT-ih-koh-gas-TRAW-stoh-mee | creation of an opening between the liver and the stomach |
| Hepaticotomy | incision into the liver |
| hepatopexy | surgical fixation of the liver |
| Laparenterostomy LAP-ah-roh-EN-ter-AWS-toh-me | creation of an opening between the abdomen and teh intestines |
| Laparoscopic surgery | the use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery |
| Laparotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| Pancreatectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas |
| Pancreatoduodenectomy PAN-kree-at-oh-DOO-aw-den-EK-toh-me | surgical removal of the pancreas and duodenum |
| Pancreatolithectomy PAN-kree-at-oh-lih-THECK-toh-me | surgical removal of stones in the pancreas |
| Sialoadenectomy sai-AL-oh-AD-en-EK-toh-mee | incision to surgically remove salivary gland |
| Sialolithotomy sai-AL-oh-lih-THAW-toh-mee | incision to surgically remove salivary stones |
| Stomatoplasty stoh-MAH-toh-PLAS-tee | surgical reconstruction of the mouth |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| CCE | cholecystectomy |
| EGD | esophogogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrom |
| LFT | liver function test |
| NGT | nasogastric tube |
| NPO | nothing by mouth (nihil per os) |
| N&V | nausea & vomiting |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| PEJ | percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
Created by:
cayla.marie
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