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Unit 1.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Song Dynasty | The Chinese dynasty (960–1279) that rose to power after the Tang dynasty. During the Song dynasty, an explosion of scholarship gave rise to Neo-Confucianism |
| Chinese Examinations System | Exam to staff in the bureaucracy, facilitated by the ability to print books for the first time in world history. |
| China’s economic Revolution | A major rise in prosperity that took place in China under the Song dynasty (960–1279), which was marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, |
| Hangzhou | China’s capital during the Song dynasty, with a population at its height of more than a million people. |
| Chinese Technologies | Chinese navigational and shipbuilding technologies led the world, and the Chinese invention of gunpowder created within a few centuries a revolution in military affairs that had global dimensions. |
| Grand Canal | A Grand Canal of over 1,000 miles linking the Yellow River in the north to the Yangzi River in the south. |
| Footbinding | The Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls’ feet to keep them small, prevalent in the Song dynasty and later; an emphasis on small size and delicacy was central to views of female beauty. |
| Silla, Koryo, Joseon Kingdoms | Dynasties where Korea generally maintained its political independence while participating in a tributary relationship with China. |
| Hangul | A phonetic alphabet developed in Korea in the fifteenth century in a move toward greater cultural independence from China. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Son of Heaven |
| Chu Nom | A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam that became the basis for an independent national literature; “southern script.” |
| Bushido | The “way of the warrior,” referring to the martial values of the Japanese samurai, including bravery, loyalty, and an emphasis on death over surrender. |
| Kami | God |
| Tale of Genji | A Japanese novel written by the woman author Murasaki Shikibu around 1000, provides an intimate picture of the intrigues and romances of court life. |
| Abbasid Caliphate | An Arab dynasty of caliphs (successors to the Prophet) who governed much of the Islamic world from its capital in Baghdad beginning in 750 C.E. After 900 C.E. that empire increasingly fragmented until its overthrow by the Mongols in 1258. |
| Seljuk Turkic Empire | An empire of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, centered in Persia and present-day Iraq. Seljuk rulers adopted the Muslim title of sultan (ruler) as part of their conversion to Islam. |
| Ottoman Empire | Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, parts of the Middle East, and much of North Africa; lasted in one form or another from the fourteenth to the early twentieth century |
| Caliph | Successor to the Prophet |
| Safavid Dynasty | Emerged to the east in Persia in the sixteenth century. |
| Sultanate of Delhi | Between 1206 and 1526 a number of Muslim dynasties ruled northern India as the Delhi sultanate. |
| Vijayanagar Empire | An explicitly Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar arosed in the south after 1340. |
| Al-Andalus | Arabic name for Spain, most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces between 711 and 718 C.E. Muslim Spain represented a point of encounter between the Islamic world and Christian Europe. |
| Cordoba | Capital of Muslim Spain |
| Reconquest of Spain | Christian reconquest of Spain after 1200. |
| Byzantine Empire | The surviving eastern Roman Empire and one of the centers of Christendom during the medieval centuries, founded at the end of the third century, when the Roman Empire was divided into e/w halves, and survived until its conquest by Muslim forces in 1453. |
| Constantinople | New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire; Constantinople’s highly defensible and economically important site helped ensure the city’s cultural and strategic importance for many centuries. |
| Balkans | Southeastern Europe |
| Anatolia | A large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. |
| Caesaropapism | A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire. |
| Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe. |
| Crusades | Each of a series of medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. |
| Kievan Rus | A culturally diverse civilization that emerged around the city of Kiev in the ninth century C.E. and adopted Christianity in the tenth, thus linking this emerging Russian state to the world of Eastern Orthodoxy. |
| Cyrillic Alphabet | Based on its Greek counterpart, the extensive use of religious images known as icons, a monastic tradition stressing prayer and service, and political ideals of imperial control of the church, all of which became part of a transformed Rus |
| Western Christendom | Western European branch of Christianity, also known as Roman Catholicism, that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break occurring in 1054 C.E. Independent to state |
| Roman Catholic Church | Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break occurring in 1054 C.E. that still has not been overcome. |
| High Middle Ages | 1000 - 1300 C. E. |
| Black Death | A massive pandemic that swept through Eurasia in the early fourteenth century, spreading along the trade routes within and beyond the Mongol Empire and reaching the Middle East and Western Europe by 1347. Associated with a massive loss of life. |
| European Renaissance | A “rebirth” of classical learning that is most often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy in the period 1350–1500 |
| Maya Civilization | A major civilization of Mesoamerica known for the most elaborate writing system in the Americas and other intellectual and artistic achievements; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E. |
| Aztec Empire (Mexica) | Major state that developed in what is now Mexico in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; dominated by the semi-nomadic Mexica, who had migrated into the region from northern Mexico. |
| Tenochtitlan | A large Mexica altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. |
| Triple Alliance (Mesoamerica) | Between the Mexica and two nearby city-states launching a highly aggressive program of military conquest that in less than 100 years brought more of Mesoamerica within a single political framework than ever before. |
| Chinampas | Floating gardens |
| Inca Empire | The Western Hemisphere’s largest imperial state in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. |
| Quipus | The knotted cords that served as an accounting device. |
| Quechua | An indigenous language family spoken by the Quechua peoples, primarily living in the Peruvian Andes. |
| Mita | Labor service. |
| Song Dynasty (2) | … and a revolution in agricultural and industrial production made China the richest and most populated country on the planet. |
| China’s Economic Revolution (2) | … the development of an immense network of internal waterways, and a great increase in industrial production and technological innovation. |
| Eastern Orthodox Christianity (2) | … noted for the subordination of the Church to political authorities, a married clergy, the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist, and a sharp rejection of the authority of Roman popes. |
Created by:
Zining Cheng
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