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Infection Control
Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome; attacks the immune system destroying the body's ability to fight infections |
| aerobic | requiring oxygen to live and grow |
| airborne precautions | methods used to treat patients know or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei |
| anaerobic | not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absence of oxygen |
| antisepsis | aseptic control that inhibits, retards growth of, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores and viruses |
| bacteria | one celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease. |
| causative agent | a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease |
| chain of infection | factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease |
| clean | free from organisms causing disease |
| communicable disease | disease that is transmitted from one individual to another |
| contact precautions | methods followed for any patients known or suspected to be infected with epidemiologically microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct or indirect |
| contaminated | organisms and pathogens are present |
| disinfection | aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses |
| droplet precautions | methods followed for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing. sneezing, etc |
| endogenous | infection or disease originating within the body |
| epidemic | an infectious disease that affects a large number of people within a population, community, or region at the same time |
| exogenous | infection or disease originating outside of or external to the body |
| fomites | any substance or object that adheres to and transmits infectious material |
| fungi | group of simple, plantlike animals that live on dead organic matter; yeast or mold |
| helminths | a parasitic worm; tape worm or leech |
| hepatitis B | Serum hepatitis is caused by the HBV virus and is transmitted by blood, serum and other body secretions; it affects the liver and can lead to destruction and scarring officer cells |
| hepatitis C | caused by HCV and is transmitted by blood and blood containing body fluids. Many who contract the disease are a symptomatic other mild like the flu |
| microorganism | small, living plant or animal not visible to the naked eye; a microbe |
| mode of transmission | A way that the infectious agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live |
| nonpathogens | a microorganism that is not capable of causing a disease |
| nosocomial | pertaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital |
| opportunistic | An infection that occurs when the body's immune cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the enviroment |
| pathogens | disease-producing organisms |
| personal protective equipment | protective barriers such as a mask, gown, gloves, and protective eyewear that help protect a person from contact with infectious material |
| portal of entry | A way for infectious agents to enter a host |
| portal of exit | A way for the infectious agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing |
| protective (reverse) isolation | technique used to provide care to patients requiring protection from organisms in the environment |
| protozoa | Microscopic one called animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water |
| reservoir | An area where the infectious agent can live |
| rickettsiae | Parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms |
| standard precaustions | Recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood or bodily fluids |
| sterile | Free of all organisms including spores and viruses |
| susceptible host | A person likely to get an infection or disease usually because body defenses are weak |
| transmission based isolation precautions | Methods or techniques of caring for patients who have communicable diseases |
| viruses | One of a large group of very small microorganisms many of which cause diseases |
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