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Med Term Ch 4
Musculoskeletal System- Orthopedics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epiphyseal plate | "growth plate"; special growth center on bones where they grow; located in metaphysis (in between epiphysis and diaphysis) |
| Epiphysis | End of bone |
| Metaphysis | Area in between end of bone and shaft of bone |
| Diaphysis | Long shaft of bone |
| Suffix of Growth | -physis |
| Root of Bone | Oste/o |
| Root of head/skull | crani/o |
| Root of arm | brachi/o |
| Root of neck | cervic/o |
| Roof of wrist | carp/o |
| Root of finger | dactyl/o |
| Root of vertebra | spondyl/o |
| Root of rib | cost/o |
| Root of loin, lower back | lumb/o |
| Root of femur | femor/o |
| Root of tibia(shinbone) | tibi/o |
| Root of ankle | tars/o |
| Root of cartilage | chondr/o |
| Root of joint | arthr/o |
| Root of bursa | burs/o |
| Only bone in the body not connected to another bone | Hyoid bone (in neck) |
| Tendons | Hold muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | Hold bone to bone |
| Bursae | Sacs of fluid under many tendons; helps keep muscles and bones moving smoothly |
| Fascia | Thick membrane that encases skeletal muscle ; |
| Root and meaning for Tendon | ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o Connective tissue connecting muscle to bone |
| Roots for Muscle | muscul/o, my/o, myos/o |
| Root and meaning of Fascia | fasci/o Fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together |
| Root and meaning of tone,tension | ton/o built in strength of your muscles; the constant holding together |
| Roots for movement, motion | kinesi/o, kinet/o |
| Roots for Arrangement, Order, Coordination | tax/o |
| Roots for stiff, bent | ankyl/o |
| Paresis | partial paralysis |
| Plegia | Paralysis |
| Costalgia kaws-TAL-jah | cost=rib, algia=pain rib pain |
| Metarsalgia meh-tah-tar-SAL-jah | meta=after, tars= ankle, algia= pain pain in the bones of the foot |
| Ostalgia aws-TAL-jah | ost=bone, algia= pain bone pain (alternative=ostealgia) |
| Osteodynia aws-tee-oh-DIH-nee-ah | oste= bone, dynia= pain bone pain |
| spondylodynia spawn-dih-loh-DIH-nee-ah | spondyl=vertebra, dynia=pain vertebra pain |
| tibialgia tih-bee-AL-jah | tibi= shinbone/tibia, algia=pain tibia pain |
| ankylosis an-kih-LOH-sis | ankyl=stiff, osis= condition joint stiffness |
| arthralgia ar-THRAL-jah | arthr=joint, algia= pain joint pain |
| arthrodynia ar-throh-DIH-nee-ah | arthr= joint, dynia= pain joint pain |
| Cervicodynia sir-vih-koh-DAI-nee-ah | cervic=neck, dynia= pain neck pain |
| crepitation kreh-pih-TAY-shun | a crackling sound heard in joints |
| genu vaigum JEH-noo VAL-gum | genu=knee, valgum=pointed in knock-kneed |
| genu varum JEH-noo VAH-rum | genu=knee, varum=pointed out bowlegged |
| bradykinesia bray-dih-kih-NEE-zhah | brady=slow, kinesia=movement slow movement |
| dyskinesia dis-kih-NEE-zhah | dys=bad, kinesia=movement inability to control movement |
| dystaxia dis-TAK-see-ah | dys=bad, taxia= coordination poor coordination |
| dystonia dis-TOH-nee-ah | dys=bad, tonia=muscle tone poor muscle tone |
| graphospasm gra-foh-SPAZM | grapho=write, spasm = involuntary contraction writer's cramp |
| hyperkinesia hai-per-kih-NEE-zhah | hyper=over, kinesia= movement increased muscle movement or activity |
| hypertonia hai-per-TOH-nee-ah | hyper=over, tonia= muscle tone increased muscle tone or tightness |
| Hypotonia hai-poh-TOH-nee-ah | hypo=under, tonia= muscle tone decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| myalgia mai-AL-jah | my=muscle, algia= pain muscle pain |
| myasthenia mai-as-THEN-nee-ah | my=muscle, asthen=weakness muscle weakness |
| myodynia mai-oh-DAI-nee-ah | my= muscle, dynia= pain muscle pain |
| myospasm mai-oh-SPAZ-um | my= muscle, spasm= involuntary contraction muscle spasm |
| tenalgia ten-AL-jah | ten=tendon, algia= pain tendon pain |
| Polydactyly | extra fingers |
| Syndactyly | Fused fingers |
| Osteolysis | Bone descruction |
| Exotosis | Extra bone growth |
| CT (acronym) | Computed Tomography |
| CAT (acronym) | Computed Axial Tomography |
| MRI (acronym) | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| Joint laxity | When joint is moving in direction it is not suppose to be |
| Effusion | fluid around joint |
| Pyathrosis | Pus around joint from infection |
| Hemarthrosis | Blood around joint from injury |
| MR Angiogram | Specialized MRI used by injecting dye into joint before doing the scan |
| Arthrocentesis procedure | Injecting a needle into joint and collecting fluid to send to the lab |
| Electromyography | procedure where 2 needles are inserted into a muscle to measure muscle activity |
| Arthrocentesis ar-throh-sin-TEE-sis | arthro= joint, centesis= puncture puncture of a joint |
| arthroscope AR-throh-scope | arthr=joint, scope=instrument to look instrument for looking into a joint |
| arthroscopy ar-THROH-skoh-pee | arthr=joint, scopy= procedure to look procedure of looking into a joint |
| electromyogram eh-lek-troh-MAI-o-gram | electro= electricity, my= muscle, gram= record a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| myography mai-AW-grah-fee | my=muscle, graphy=writing procedure procedure for studying muscle |
| electromyography eh-lek--troh-mai-AW-graph-fee | electro=electricity, my=muscle, graphy- writing procedure procedure for measuring the electrical activity in a muscle |
| arthrogram AR-throh-gram | arthr=joint, gram=record visual record of a joint |
| arthrography ar-THRAW-grah-fee | arthr= joint, graphy= writing procedure procedure used to examine a joint |
| Computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| kyphosis kai-FOH-sis | kyph=bent, osis= condition humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
| lordosis lor-DOH-sis | lord= bent backward, osis= condition sway back, abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
| scoliosis SKOH-lee-OH-sis | scoli= crooked, osis= condition crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| carpitis kar-PAI-tis | carp=wrist, itis= inflammation wrist inflammation |
| craniomalacia kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah | cranio=skull, malacia= softening softening of the skull |
| exostosis eks-aws-TOH-sis | ex=out, ost=bone, osis= condition an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone |
| fracture FRAK-shur | a bone break |
| Osteodystrophy aws=tee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee | osteo=bone, dys=bad, trophy=nourishment poor bone development |
| osteolysis aw-stee-AW-lih-sis | osteo=bone, lysis= loss bone loss |
| osteonecrosis aw-stee-oh-nih-KROH-sis | osteo= bone, necr= death, osis= condition death of bone |
| polydactyly paw-lee-DAK-tih-lee | poly=many, dactyl=finger, y= condition having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes) |
| spondylitis spawn-dih-LAI-tis | spondyl= vertebra, itis= inflammation vertebra inflammation |
| spondylomalacia spawn-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shah | spondyl=vertebra, malacia= softening softening of the vertebra |
| syndactyly sin-DAK-tih-lee | syn-together, dactyl=finger, y=condtion fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers or toes |
| tarsoptosis tar-sawp-TOH-sis | tars=ankle, ptosis= drooping condition flat feet |
| bursolith BIR-soh-lith | burso= bursa, lith=stone a stone in a bursa |
| effusion ee-FYOO-shun | ef= out, fusion= pour fluid buildup |
| hemarthrosis hee-mar-THROH-sis | hem=blood, arthr= joint, osis= condition blood in a joint |
| hydrarthrosis hai-drar-THROH-sis | hydr=water, arthr= joint, osis= condtion water (fluid) in a joint |
| pyarthrosis pai-ar-THROH-sis | py=pus, arhtr= joint, osis= condition pus in a joint |
| atrophy A-troh-fee | a=no, trophy=nourishment underdevelopment, decrease or loss of muscle tissue |
| hypertrophy hai-PER-troh-fee | hyper= over, trophy= nourishment overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| myocele MAI-oh-seel | myo=muscle, cele= hernia Hernia of muscle tissue |
| myolysis MAI-oh-lih-sis | myo=muscle, lysis= loss loss of muscle tissue |
| myomalacia mai-oh-mah-LAY-shah | myo=muscle, malacia=softening softening of a muscle |
| myosclerosis mai-oh-skleh-ROH-sis | myo=muscle, scler= hardening, osis= condition hardening of a muscle |
| myotasis mai-AW-tah-sis | myo=muscle, tasis= expansion stretching of a muscle |
| myotonia mai-oh-TOH-nee-ah | myo=muscle, tonia=tone muscle tone |
| ankylosing spondylitis an-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis | ankylos= stiffen, / ing spondyl= causing vertabra, itis=inflammation a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| chondro-osteodystrophy KAWN-droh-AW-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee | chondro=cartilage, osteo=bone, dys=bad, trophy= nourishment poor development of bones and cartilage |
| craniosynostosis KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis | cranio =skull, syn=together, ost=bone, osis= condition the premature fusing of the skull bones |
| dactylitis DAK-tih-LAI-tis | dactyl=finger, itis= inflammation Inflammation of finger or toes |
| hypertrophic spondylitis HAI-per-TROH-fik spon-dih-LAI-tis | hyper=over, trophic=nourishment, spondyl=vertebra, itis=inflammation over development of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
| osteitis AW-stee-AI-tis | oste= bone, itis= inflamamation bone inflammation |
| osteochondritits AW-stee-oh-kon-DRAI-tis | osteo= bone, chondr= cartilage , itis = inflammation inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteogenesis imperfecta AW-stee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah | osteo=bone, genesis= creation, im=not, perfecta=complete a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly (also known as brittle bone disease) |
| osteomalacia AW-stee-oh-mah-LAY-shah | osteo= bone, malacia= softening softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis | osteo= bone, myel=marrow, itis=inflammation inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy AW-stee-AW-pah-thee | osteo=bone, pathy = disease bone disease |
| osteopenia AW-stee-oh-PEE-nee-ah | osteo= bone, penia= deficiency reduction in bone volume |
| osteoporosis AW-stee-oh-por-OH-sis | osteo=bone, por= pore, osis= condition loss of bone density |
| spinal stenosis SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis | spinal sten= spine narrow osis= condition abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondyloarthropathy SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee | spondyl-vertebra, arthr-joint, pathy- disease joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis | spondyl=vertebra, listhesis= slipping the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
| spondylolysis SPAWN-dih-LO-li-sis | spondyl=vertebra, lysis= loss loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylosis SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis | spondyl= vertebra, osis= condition vertebra condition |
| arthritis ar-THRAI-tis | arthr=joint, itis= inflammation joint inflammation |
| rheumatoid arthritis ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRAI-tis | reumat= rheumatic fever oid=resembling, arthr= joint, itis= inflammation inflammation of joints (called rheumatoid because symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever) |
| septic arthritis SEP-tik ar-THRAI-tis | septic arthr= rotting joint, itis= inflammation inflammation of a joint caused by infection |
| osteoarthritis AW-stee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis | osteo=bone, arthr= joint, itis= inflammation inflammation of joints; specifically those that bear weight |
| arthrocele AR-throh-seel | arthr= joint, cele= hernia hernia of a joint |
| arthrodysplasia AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhah | arthro= joint, dys= bad, plasia= formation abnormal joint development |
| arthropathy ar-THRAW-pah-thee | arthr= joint, pathy = disease joint disease |
| arthrosclerosis AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis | arthr= joint, scler= hardening, osis= condition hardening of the joints |
| bursitis bur-SAI-tis | burs= bursa, itis= inflammation inflammation of the bursa |
| bursopathy bur-SAW-pah-thee | burso=bursa, pathy = disase disease of the bursa |
| subluxation sub-luk-SAY-shun | sub= beneath, luxation= dislocation partial dislocation of a joint |
| achondroplasia AY-kawn-droh-PLAY-zhah | a= no, chondro= cartilage, plasia= formation a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| chondromalacia KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shah | chondro= cartilage, malacaia=softening abnormal softening of cartilage |
| costochondritis KAW-stoh-kawn-DRAI-tis | costo=rib, chondr= cartilage, itis= inflammation inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| fascilitis FA-shee-AI-tis | fasc= fascia, itis= inflammation inflammation of the fascia |
| muscular dystrophy MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee | muscul=muscle, ar dys= pertaining to bad, trophy= nourishment disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| myoclonus MAI-oh-KLAWN-us | myo=muscle, clonus= turmoil violent muscle contraction |
| myopathy mai-AW-pah-thee | myo=muscle, pathy=disease muscle disease |
| myasthenia MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah | my= muscle, asthenia= weaking muscle weakness |
| myofascilitis MAI-oh-FA-shee-AI-tis | myo=muscle, fascil= fascia, itis= inflammation inflammation of the muscle and fascia |
| myositis MAI-oh-SAI-tis | myos= muscle, itis= inflammation muscle inflammation |
| necrotizing fascilitis NEH-kroh-TAI-zing FA-shee-AI-tis | necrot-death, izing fasci= causing fascia, itis= inflammation inflammation of the fascia, causing death of tissue |
| polymyositis PAW-lee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis | poly=many, myo= muscle, itis= inflammation Inflammation of multiple muscles |
| tardive dyskinesia TAR-div DIS-kin-EE-zhah | tardive dys= slow bad, kinesia= movement condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| tendinitis TEN-dih-NAI-tis | tendin- tendon, kinesia= movement muscle inflammation (also tendonitis) |
| chondroma kawn-DROH-mah | chondr= cartilage, oma= tumor a tumorlike growth on cartilage tissue |
| myoma mai-OH-mah | my=musle, oma=tumor a muscle tumor |
| myosarcoma MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah | myo=muscle, sarc= flesh, oma= tumor a cancerous muscle tumor |
| osteocardinoma AW-stee-oh-KAR-sin-NOH-mah | osteo=bone, carcin= cancer, oma= tumor a bone cancer tumor |
| osteochondroma AW-stee-oh-kon-DROH-mah | osteo=bone, chondr= cartilage, oma= tumor a tumor made of bone and cartilage; also known as an exotosis made of of cartilage |
| osteosarcoma AW-stee-oh-sar-KOH-mah | osteo=bone, sarc= flesh, oma= tumor a cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| analgesic A-nai-JEE-zik | an= no, alge= pain, sic= agent a drug that relieves pain |
| antiarthritic AN-tee-ar-THRIH-tik | anti= againt, arthr= joint(pain), tic= agent a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| anti-inflammatory | a drug that opposes inflammation |
| antipyretic AN-tee-pir-ih-tik | anti= againt, pyre= fever, tic= agent a drug that opposes fever |
| carpectomy kar-PEK-toh-mee | carp= wrist, ectomy= removal removal of all or part of the wrist |
| costectomy kaws-TEK-toh-mee | cost=ribs, ectomy= removal removal of a rib |
| craniectomy KRAY-nee-EK-toh-mee | crani=skull, ectomy= removal removal of a portion of the skull (portion not replaced) |
| craniotomy KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee | crani=skull, tomy= incision removal of portion of skull (portion replaced) |
| external fixation | external fix= outside fix, ation= procedure the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (casts, splints, stabilizers) |
| internal fixation | fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (screws, pins, plates) |
| closed reduction | returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
| open reduction | returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery |
| metacarpectomy | removal of a bone in the hand |
| orhotics | a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body |
| ostectomy | removal of a bone |
| osteectomy | removal of a bone |
| osteoclasia | the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity) |
| osteoplasty | reconstruction of a bone |
| osteotomy | incision into a bone |
| prosthesis | pros= toward, thesis= place a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function |
| spondylosyndesis SPAWN-dih-loh-sin-DEE-sis | fusing together of multiple vertebra |
| sternotomy | incision into a sternum |
| tarsectomy | removal of all or part of the ankle |
| tarsoclasia | surgical fracture of the ankle (ie to treat clubfoot) |
| arthrectomy | removal of a joint |
| arthroclasia | the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint |
| arthrolysis | loosening of a stiff joint |
| arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint |
| arthrotomy | incision into a joint |
| bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
| bursotomy | incision into a bursa |
| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage |
| chondroplasty | reconstruction of cartilage |
| fasciectomy | removal of fascia |
| fasciodesis | binding of fascia |
| fascioplasty | reconstruction of fascia |
| fasciorrhaphy | suturing of fascia |
| fasciotomy | incision into fascia |
| myectomy | removal of a muscle |
| myodesis | binding of a muscle |
| myomectomy | removal of a muscle tumor |
| myoplasty | muscle reconstruction |
| myorrhaphy mai-OR-ah-fee | muscle suture |
| myotomy | incision into a muscle |
| tendectomy | removal of a tendon |
| tendoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tendodesis | binding of a tendon |
| tenolysis | freeing/loosening a tendon |
| tenonecteomy | removal of a tendon |
| tenoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon |
| tenotomy | incision into a tendon |
| Hx | history |
| Fx | fracture |
| Tx | traction or treatment |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| MCL | medial collateral ligament |
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| C1-C7 | cervical vertebra |
| T1-T12 | Thoracic vertebra |
| L1-L5 | Lumbar vertebra |
| S1-S5 | Sacral vertebra |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex (this is what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer) |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| FROM | full range of motion |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| ROM | range of motion |
| WB | weight bearing |
| WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated |
| Adduction | narrowing of a joint |
| abduction | widening of a joint |
| flexion | when a joint bends |
Created by:
cayla.marie
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