Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Song Dynasty | (960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military. |
| Confucianism | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. |
| Filial Piety | (Confucianism)a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors |
| Imperial Bureaucracy | Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control |
| Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements. |
| Buddhism in China | Spread by the Silk Roads, took form of Mahayana Buddhism. Blended with Daoism, formed 'Chan Buddhism' (aka Zen Buddhism). |
| Heian Japan | Period in which Japanese emperors lost their true power and became figureheads; Chinese culture was prevailed over Japanese |
| Champa rice | a quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests, of sixty days each in one growing season |
| Grand Canal | Built by Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; strengthened China's internal cohesion and economic development |
| Textile Industry | Industries primarily concerned with the design or manufacture of clothing as well as the distribution and use of textiles. |
| porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China; one of China's 3 major exports |
| Steel and iron production | A key element during the Song Economic Revolution; helped popularize mass production and new production methods |
| Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. |
| Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. |
| Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. |
| Abbasid Caliphate | 3rd of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. Built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs in 750. Slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks. |
| Turks | Central Asian nomads related to the Xiongnu peoples that pressured Han China. Organized as tribes that constantly fought each other. Most converted to Islam. Most societies sought to trade with settled people. Nobles controlled absolutely in times of war. |
| Seljuk Empire | An empire formed by Turkish and Persian Sunnis, lasting from 1037 to 1194 A.D. |
| Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) |
| Delhi Sultanates | Five dynasties that ruled over the city of Delhi in India. Conquered the majority of the Indian subcontinent & spread the influence of the Islamic religion. This resulted in a sort of unification process between the diverse peoples of the region. |
| Sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life |
| Dar al-Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule |
| Abbasid | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250. |
| Nasiral-din al-tusi | Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right |
| House of Wisdom | An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun. |
| A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah | Sufi master and poet. She is almost the only medieval female Islamic mystic to have recorded her own views in writing |
| Vijayanagara Empire | Harihara & Bukka came from the Delhi Sultanate in north-central India because they wanted to expand the empire to the south. They had been Hindu, converted to Islam, reverted to Hindu religion & started their own Hindu kingdom in the mid 1300s. |
| Rajput Kingdoms | Northern India was more volatile than Southern India. These Hindu kingdoms formed after the fall of the Gupta Empire in northern India and present-day Pakistan and were often at war with one another. No centralized government came about. |
| Delhi Sultanate | The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled an area of northern India and was centered in Delhi. |
| proselytize | To convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause; actively search for converts. |
| Qutub Mirar | Built by sultans with Islamic geometric pattern architecture and Hindu intricate detail, the building is a mosque on top of a Hindu temple. The name specifically refers to the gigantic leaning tower and the tallest structure in India. |
| Urdu | Language that developed among Muslims of South Asia; combination of Hindu grammar, Arabic vocabulary, and some elements of Farsi (Persian language). |
| Bhakti Movement | In Hinduism, advocates intense devotion toward a particular deity. This did not discriminate against low status people or women. |
| Srivijaya Empire | Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra. Built up it's navy and prospered by charging fees for ships traveling between India and China. |
| Majapahit Kingdom | Based on Java (present day Indonesia's main island) had 98 tributaries. Like the Srivijaya, they controlled sea routes. Unlike the Srivijaya, they were Buddhist. |
| Sinhala dynasties | In Sri Lanka; had their roots from early immigrants who arrived from India. Buddhists came in the 3rd century BCE and Ceylon became a center of Buddhism. |
| Khmer Empire (Angkor Kingdom) | Situated near the Mekong River and did not depend on seafaring for its power. It benefited from good irritation and drainage and became one of the most prosperous kingdoms in Southeast Asia. |
| Sukhothai Kingdom | Thais invaded the area of Angkor Thom and the Angkor Wat Buddhist temple complex. This group forced the Khmers out. |
| Sufis | Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. They had a good tolerance for local faith traditions and many people were willing to convert to Islam because they could still honor local deities. |
| Mississippian culture | Last of the mound-building cultures of North America and first of the large-scale civilizations; flourished between 800 and 1300 C.E.; featured large towns and ceremonial centers; lacked stone architecture of Central America. |
| Cahokia | The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E. |
| matrilineal society | Society where social standing was traced through the woman's family. |
| city-state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland. |
| human sacrifices | A person who is killed as part of a religious ritual. |
| Mexicas | Settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices. |
| theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders. |
| Pachacuti | "Transformer" or "Shaker" of the earth, he was a tribal leader and battled to conquer land around Cuzco, Peru. He created the Incan Empire through this. |
| Inca | Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco. |
| mita system | Mandatory public service. |
| Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. |
| animism | Belief that elements of the physical world could have supernatural powers. |
| Carpa Nan | The Inca massive roadway system, consisting of 25,000 miles of road built using captive labor that connected Cuzco with the outlying parts of the empire. Was used mostly by government officials, messengers, and the military. |
| Kin-based networks | Communities formed where families governed themselves. |
| chief | A male head of the network. Job was to mediate conflicts and deal with neighboring groups. |
| Hausa Kingdoms | Sometime before 1000, in what is now Nigeria, people of the Hausa ethnic group formed seven states. The states were loosely connected through kingship ties, though they had no central authority. |
| trans-Saharan trade | Route across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading. |
| Ghana | West African state that supplied the majority of the world's gold from 500 CE-1400's. |
| Mali | The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam. |
| Zimbabwe | A country of southern Africa. Various Bantu peoples migrated into the area during the first millennium, displacing the earlier inhabitants. |
| Indian Ocean Trade | Connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. |
| Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. |
| Great Zimbabwe | A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining. |
| Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa. |
| Indian Ocean Slave Trade | A trade of slaves across the Indian Ocean, between East Africa and the Middle East, where slaves were used for different tasks. |
| Zanj Rebellion | A series of of revolts where an estimated 15,000 enslaved people successfully captured the city of Basra and held it for ten years before being defeated. |
| Griot | A member of a class of traveling poets, musicians, and storytellers who maintained a tradition of oral history in parts of West Africa. They were the conduits of history for a community. |
| Feudalism | Social system in medieval Europe. Nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service. Vassals were tenants of the nobles, serfs lived on their land & give them labor, & a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection. |
| Manor | A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord. |
| Manorial System | An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors. The manor produced everything that people living on it required, limiting the need for trade or contact with outsiders. |
| Serfs | A person who lived on and farmed a lord's land in feudal times. |
| three-field system | A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe. |
| Estates-General | A body to advise the king that included representatives from each of the three legal classes, or estates, in France: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. |
| Lay Investiture Controversy | A dispute over whether a secular leader, rather than the pope, could invest bishops with the symbols of office. |
| Magna Carta | Required the king to respect certain rights, such as the right to a jury trial before a noble could be sentenced to prison. |
| English Parliament | England's chief law-making body. It was a key institution in the development of representative democracy as it provided some voice and recognition of the rights and interests of various groups in society. It was involved in creating taxes and passing laws |
| Great Schism | The separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church (1054 CE) |
| Primogeniture | A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. |
| Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. |
| Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. |
| Bourgeoisie | The middle class, including shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, and small landholders. |
| burghers | Another terms used for bourgeoisie: the middle class, including shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, and small landholders. |
| Little Ice Age | Five century cooling of the climate where lower temperatures reduced agricultural productivity, so people had less to trade and cities grew more slowly. The Little Ice Age also led to an increase in disease and an increase in unemployment. |
| Antisemitism | Hostility to or prejudice against Jews. |
| Renaissance | "Rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome |
| Humanism | A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements. |
Created by:
chadmw
Popular World History sets