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Med Term Chap.1-3

Week 1/First Quiz

TermDefinition
sub- below; under
trans- across; through
retro- behind
re- back; backward; again
pro- before; forward
peri- surrounding; around
in- into;in
hypo- deficient
hyper- excessive
ex-, exo out; outside of; outward
epi- above; upon
endo- within
dia- complete; through
aut-, auto, (aut/o) self; own
a-, an- no; not; without
-y process, condition
-tomy process of cutting, incision
-sis state of; condition
-scopy process of visually examining
-scope instrument to visually examine
-pathy disease condition
-osis condition, usually abnormal
-opsy process of viewing
-oma tumor; mass; swelling
-logy process of study
-itis inflammation
-ist specialist
-ion process
-ic, ical pertaining to
-gram record
-globin protein
-genic produced by, or in
-emia blood condition
-ectomy excision; removal; to cut
-cyte cell
-algia pain
-al pertaining to
-ac pertaining to
ur/o urinary tract; urine
thromb/o clot,clotting
sect/o to cut
sarc/o flesh
rhin/o nose
ren/o kidney
radi/o x-rays
psych/o mind
ped/o child
path/o disease
oste/o bone
ophthalm/o eye
onc/o tumor
neur/o nerve
nephr/o kidney
log/o study of
leuk/o white
iatr/o treatment; physician
hepat/o liver
hemat/o hem/o blood
gynec/o woman/female
gnos/o knowledge
glyc/o sugar
gastr/o stomach
erythr/o red
enter/o intestines (usually small)
encephal/o brain
electr/o electricity
derm/o dermat/o skin
cyto/o cell
cyst/o urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid
crin/o to secrete
cis/o to cut
cerebr/o cerebrum
cephal/o head
cardi/o heart
carcin/o cancerous, cancer
bi/o life
arthr/o joint
aden/o gland
cytology study of cells
adenitis inflammation of the gland
cells the fundamental unit of all living things
chromosomes rod-like structures within the nucleus (23 pairs in every human cell and 23 individual in egg and sperm cells)
genes contained in chromosomes in a sequence; carries DNA
karyotype a snapshot of an individual's chromosomes in order of size, shape and number
trisomy 21 a medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome; down syndrome
anabolism process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
catabolism process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released
cell membrane structure surrounding and protecting the cell; determines what enters and leaves the cell
cytoplasm all of the material outside of the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
DNA chemical found within each chromosome; arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell; here large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces
metabolism total of the chemical processes in a cell; includes catabolism and anabolism
meta- change
bol cast
-sim a process
mitochondria rod-shaped structure in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy for the cell; catabolism is the process that occurs
nucleus control center of the cell; it contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell
thyroid gland secretes the thyroxine, or T4, hormone which stimulates metabolism in cells
muscle cell long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
epithelial cell (a lining and skin cell) may be square and flat to provide protection
nerve cell long with various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses
fat cell
Created by: tahlia_arias
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