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Unit 4

Political Powers and Achievements

TermDefinition
centralized controlled by a single government or person
decentralized loosely organized system in which many people have power in different areas, but they are not unified by any one government or person
feudalism a decentralized system of rule in Europe during the Middle Ages based on land ownership. There was a rigid social hierarchy involving kings/monarchs, lords/nobles, vassals/knights, and serfs/peasants
manorialism an economic system used in Western Europe in the Middle Ages based mainly on farming in which a lord enjoyed a variety of rights over the land and the people living on it
social mobility the ability to become part of a social class other than the one someone is born into
secular attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis
power vacuum a condition that exists when someone has lost control and no one has replaced them
divergent tending to develop differently, or in different directions
Muhammad An Arab political, social, and religious leader, as well as the founder of Islam
The Quran (Koran) The central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God
Five Pillars of Islam The core beliefs and practices of Islam
hajj The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, which takes place during the last month of the year. All Muslims are expected to participate at least once in their lives
caliph The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as a successor of Muhammad
caliphate An Islamic empire, ruled by a caliph
Genghis Khan The founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
Pax Mongolica The period of peace and stability in Europe and Asia during the Mongol Empire, which took place from the 1200s-1300s
Created by: vvanwagoner
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