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Blesi8e Ch16 Terms
[MA1] The Circulatory System [Tier 01]
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| accelerator | increasing action or function |
| acute phase | a period of increased symptoms and severity of the disease. |
| adenitis (aden-itis) | inflammation of lymph nodes or a gland. |
| ambulatory | refers to "walking," being mobile |
| anemia (an-emia) | a deficiency of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both. |
| aneurysm | a widening, external dilation caused by the pressure of blood on the weakened arterial wall. |
| angina | pain and oppression radiating from the heart to the shoulder and left arm; a feeling of suffocation |
| angioplasty (angi-o-plasty) | an invasive procedure to alter the interior of a blood vessel. |
| anticoagulant | a substance that prohibits the coagulation of blood |
| aorta | the main trunk of the arterial system of the body |
| arrhythmias (a-rrhytmia) | without rhythm; irregularity |
| arterioles | small blood vessels connecting arteries with capillaries |
| ateriosclerosis (arteri-o-scler-osis) | a degeneration and hardening of the walls of arteries. |
| artery | a blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart, usually filled with oxygenated blood. |
| artherosclerosis (arther-o-scler-osis) | fatty degeneration of the walls of the arteries. |
| atrium | cardio auricle; the upper chamber of the heart |
| AV node | the beginning of the bundle of His in the right atrium; nerve fibers responsible for the contraction of the ventricles. |
| bicuspid [atrioventricular valve] | heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, also known as the mitral valve. |
| bradycardia | slow heart rate |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules |
| cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
| cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| cerebrovascular accident | a stroke; hemorrhage in the brain. |
| cholesterol | a sterol present in the tissue that contributes to heart disease when elevated; transported in the blood plasma of all animals. |
| chronic leukemia | a form of leukemia characterized by insidious onset and slower progress |
| compatible | able to be mixed or taken together without destructive changes |
| congestive heart failure | a complex condition of inadequate heart action with retention of tissue fluids; may be either right- or left-side failure, or both. |
| coronary | referring to the arteries surrounding the heart muscle |
| crossmatch | a blood test used to ensure compatibility of the donor to the recipient when transfusing blood. |
| diastole | the relaxation phase of the heart-beat; the period of least pressure. |
| electrocardiograph | a machine for obtaining a graphic recording of the electrical activity of the heart. |
| embolism | the presence of an obstruction in a blood vessel. |
| endocardium | the serous membrane lining of the heart |
| erthrocyte | a red blood cell (RBC) |
| exudate | pus; the collection of purulent material in a cavity |
| fibrillation | the quivering of muscle fibers; ineffective, rapid but weak heart action. |
| heart block | a condition in which impulses from the SA node fail to carry over to the AV node, resulting in a slow heart rate and a different rate of contraction between the upper and lower heart chambers |
| hemoglobin | the combination of a protein and iron pigment in the red blood cells that attracts and carries oxygen in the body |
| hemorrhage | abnormal discharge of blood either internally or externally from venous, arterial or capillary vessels. |
| Holter monitor | a device that attaches electrodes to a patient's chest for the purpose of obtaining a 24-hour ECG tracing in an accessory tape records. |
| hypertension | elevated blood pressure |
| hypotension | abnormally low blood pressure |
| infarction | infiltration of foreign particles; material in a vessel causing coagulation and interference with circulation. |
| ischemia | temporary and localized anemia caused by obstruction of the circulation to a part. |
| leukemia | a form of blood cancer in which white blood cells may become malignant and multiply inside the bone marrow or lymphatic tissue |
| leukocyte | a white blood cell |
| lub dub | sounds made by the heart |
| lymph | a body fluid formed within the tissue spaces and circulated throughout the body. |
| lymphatic system | a network of transparent vessels carrying lymph fluid throughout the body. |
| lymphocyte | a type of white blood cell |
| metastasize | the process whereby malignant cells leave the primary lesion and migrate to another location. |
| mitral | the valve in the heart between the chambers of the left side, also known as the bicuspid. |
| MUGA scan | multi-gated acquisition scan. |
| murmur | a soft blowing or rasping sound heard on auscultation of the heart. |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | blockage of a coronary artery that interrupts the flow of blood to the heart muscle. |
| myocardium | the muscle layer of the heart |
| nodes | a knot, knob, protuberance or swelling. |
| pacemaker | the SA node of the heart; also refers to an artificial device that initiates heart beat. |
| papillary muscles | muscular attachments to the undersides of the heart valves from the walls of the ventricles, which open the valves during the relaxation phase of the heartbeat. |
| pericardium | the membranous sac that covers the heart. |
| phlebitis | the inflammation of a vein. |
| plasma | the liquid part of the lymph and blood |
| platelet | a type of cell found in the blood that is required for clotting. |
| portal | pertaining to the portal circulation of blood from impaired internal organs to the liver for processing before entering the inferior vena cava. |
| Rh factor | an antigenic substance in human blood similar to the A and B factors that determine blood groups; apparently present only in red blood cells. |
| SA node | the "pacemaker" |
| semilunar | the valves of the heart located between the ventricles and the pulmonary artery and aorta. |
| septum | a membranous wall dividing two cavities, as within the heart or the nose. |
| sickle cell anemia | a blood disorder in which the red blood cells are shaped like sickles. |
| spleen | an oval, vascular, ductless gland below the diaphragm in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. |
| stasis ulcer | an open lesion caused by stagnant or inadequate blood supply to an area. |
| systole | the contraction phase of the heart; the greatest amount of blood pressure. |
| tachycardia | abnormal rapidity of heart action |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a blood clot |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot or thrombus |
| transfusion | injection of the blood of one person into the blood vessels of another. |
| transient ischemic attack | temporary interruption of blood flow in the brain caused by small clots closing off blood vessels, may also be referred to as a TIA. |
| tricuspid | a valve in the right side of the heart, between the chambers; literally means three cusps or leaflets. |
| triglycerides | a combination of glycerol and fatty acids in the blood. |
| vagus | the 10th cranial nerve that has both motor and sensory function, affecting the heart, stomach and other organs. |
| valve | any one of various structures for temporarily closing an opening or passageway or for allowing movement of fluid in one direction only. |
| varicose | pertaining to varices; distended, swollen veins, most commonly found in legs. |
| vein | a blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart after receiving it from a venule. |
| vena cava | one of two large veins that empty into the right atrium of the heart. |
| ventricle | one of the two lower chambers of the heart |
| venule | a minute vein; a blood vessel that connects a capillary with a vein. |
Created by:
MaesterRay
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