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Key Terms Chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cervix | Neck; usually means the lower narrow portion (neck) of the uterus (root: cervic/o); also called the cervix uteri (U-ter-i) |
| clitoris | A small erectile body anterior to the urethral opening that is similar in developmental origin to the penis (roots: clitor/o, clitorid/o) |
| contraception | The prevention of pregnancy |
| corpus luteum | The small yellow structure that develops from the ovarian follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone and estrogen |
| endometrium | The inner lining of the uterus |
| estrogen | A group of hormones that produce female characteristics and prepare the uterus for the fertilized egg; the most active of these is estradiol |
| fallopian tube | A tube extending from the upper lateral portion of the uterus that carries the ovum to the uterus (root: salping/o); also called uterine (U-ter-in) tube |
| fimbriae | The long finger-like extensions of the uterine tube that wave to capture the released ovum (singular: fimbria) |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads; in males, FSH stimulates Sertoli cells and promotes sperm cell development; in females, it stimulates ripening of ova in the ovary |
| fornix | An arch-like space, such as the space between the uppermost wall of the vagina and the cervix; from Latin meaning “arch” |
| greater vestibular gland | A small gland that secretes mucus through a duct that opens near the vaginal orifice; also called Bartholin (BAR-to-lin) gland |
| labia majora | The two large folds of skin that form the sides of the vulva (root labi/o means “lip”) (singular: labium majus) |
| labia minora | The two small folds of skin within the labia majora (singular: labium minus) |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads; in males, it stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone; in females, it stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation |
| mammary gland | Specialized gland capable of secreting milk in the female (roots: mamm/o, mast/o); the breast |
| menarche | The first menstrual period, which normally occurs during puberty |
| menopause | Cessation of menstrual cycles in the female |
| menstruation | The cyclic discharge of blood and mucosal tissues from the lining of the nonpregnant uterus (roots: men/o, mens); menstrual period, menses (MEN-seze) |
| myometrium | The muscular wall of the uterus |
| ovarian follicle | The cluster of cells in which the ovum ripens in the ovary |
| ovary | A female gonad (roots: ovari/o, oophor/o) |
| ovulation | The release of a mature ovum from the ovary (from ovule, meaning “little egg”) |
| ovum | The female gamete or reproductive cell (roots: oo, ov/o) (plural: ova) |
| perineum | The region between the thighs from the external genitalia to the anus (root: perine/o) |
| progesterone | A hormone produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta that maintains the endometrium for pregnancy |
| rectouterine pouch | A blind pouch, such as the recess between the rectum and the uterus; the cul-de-sac or pouch of Douglas |
| tubal ligation | Surgical constriction of the uterine tubes to produce sterilization |
| uterine tube | A tube extending from the upper lateral portion of the uterus that carries the ovum to the uterus (root: salping/o); also called fallopian (fah-LO-pe-an) tube |
| uterus | The organ that receives the fertilized egg and maintains the developing offspring during pregnancy (roots: uter/o, metr, hyster/o) |
| vagina | The muscular tube between the cervix and the vulva (roots: vagin/o, colp/o) |
| vulva | The external female genital organs (roots: vulv/o, episi/o) |
| candidiasis | Infection with the fungus Candida, a common cause of vaginitis |
| colposcope | Instrument for examining the vagina and cervix |
| cone biopsy | Removal of a cone of tissue from the cervical lining for cytologic examination; also called conization |
| dilation and curettage (D&C) | Procedure in which the cervix is dilated (widened) and the uterine lining is scraped with a curette |
| dysmenorrhea | Painful or difficult menstruation; a common disorder that may be caused by infection, use of an intrauterine device, endometriosis, overproduction of prostaglandins, or other factors |
| endometriosis | Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic cavity |
| fibroid | Benign tumor of smooth muscle |
| hysterectomy | Surgical removal of the uterus; most commonly done because of tumors; often the uterine tubes and ovaries are removed as well |
| leiomyoma | Benign tumor of smooth muscle, usually in the uterine wall (myometrium); in the uterus, may cause bleeding and pressure on the bladder or rectum; also called fibroid or myoma |
| mammography | Radiographic study of the breast for the detection of breast cancer; the image obtained is a mammogram |
| mastectomy | Excision of breast tissue to eliminate malignancy |
| metrorrhagia | Uterine bleeding between normal menstrual periods |
| oophorectomy | Excision of an ovary |
| Pap smear | Study of cells collected from the cervix and vagina for early detection of cancer; also called Papanicolaou smear or Pap test |
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | Condition caused by the spread of infection from the reproductive tract into the pelvic cavity; commonly caused by sexually transmitted gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections |
| salpingectomy | Surgical removal of the uterine tube |
| salpingitis | Inflammation of a uterine tube, typically caused by urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted infection; chronic salpingitis may lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy (development of the fertilized egg outside of the uterus) |
| sentinel node biopsy | Biopsy of the first lymph nodes to receive drainage from a tumor; used to determine spread of cancer in planning treatment |
| stereotactic biopsy | Needle biopsy using a computer-guided imaging system to locate suspicious tissue and remove samples for study |
| tomosynthesis | Three-dimensional x-ray imaging technique for detection of breast cancer; digital tomosynthesis |
| vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina |
Created by:
ghostofpima
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