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OC China and Japan
OC CH 7 & 8 - China & Japan Review Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the names and correct order of the 3 dynasties in China beginning with the Sui? | Sui, Tang, Song |
| What is the lasting impact of the Sui dynasty? | Ended the Period of Disunion; contruction began on Grand Canal |
| What dynasty is considered the “golden age” of China and why? | The Tang dynasty because it was a time of many achievements and technological advancements |
| Who was Empress Wu and what was the effect of her leadership style? | She ruled China with an iron fist, using sometimes vicious methods, but she was an effective leader |
| What was the most popular religion during the Period of Disunion and why? | Buddhism, because it offered people an escape from earthly suffering |
| Why was there a population increase in China during the Tang dynasty? | Advancements in agriculture, such as the dragon's backbone pump, improved farming methods, thus increasing food production and the population |
| Describe the cities of the Tang and Song dynasties. | They were exciting, lively trade centers |
| What is the Grand Canal and why was it built? | It was built to link northern and southern China as a easer way to travel and transport goods |
| List Chinese achievements/inventions. | gunpowder, paper/paper money, woodblock printing, moveable type, magnetic compass, porcelain... |
| What is porcelain? | a fine, beautiful type of pottery; also called "china" |
| For what did the Chinese first use gunpowder? | fireworks (later for weaponry) |
| What is a magnetic compass? | an instrument that uses the earth's magnetic field to tell direction; especially significant for navigation |
| What are the two basic principles of Confucianism? | ren: respect/concern for others; li: proper/appropriate behavior |
| How are Confucianism and Buddhism different? | C = stresses respect and proper behavior; B = escape from suffering |
| What does it mean to be a civil servant? | to work as a government official |
| How did a person become a scholar-official in the Song dynasty? | a person had to study for and pass a series of diffult civil service exams |
| Which Mongol leader began the invasions on China that were continued by his grandson after his death? | Genghis Khan |
| Which Mongol leader took over China and established the largest empire in world history? | Kublai Khan |
| Who was Marco Polo and why is he significant in Chinese and European history? (What did he do?) | He was an Italian merchant who wrote about his travels in China and experiences in the court of Kublai Khan; he generated European interest in China through his journals |
| What are the reasons the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty fell? | 1. failed invasions of Japan 2. Chinese rebellion against their Mongol rulers 3. an economy weakened by an expensive public-works program |
| What is the Forbidden City, and what did it show about the Ming dynasty? | It was an extensive and opulent complex of almost 1,000 buildings built for the rulers of China; the commoners were "forbidden" to visit the city; it showed the power and splendor of the Ming dynasty |
| What is the Why was the Great Wall constructed? | It was built to protect China from invaders from the north |
| What is isolationism? AND What effect did isolationism have on China? | It is a policy of cutting off contact with other countries; its consquences for China were that China was greatly weakened politically and technologically |
| During what dynasties was Confucianism a major influence on government? | Tang and Song |
| What were some positive effects of Mongol rule in China? | Increased contact and trade with the West |
| Describe the geography of Japan and the effect this had on the people living there. | 80% of the land was mountains - tops of mountains risen above sea level, and volcanoes - so people adapted by living in the flat areas, or coastal plains; they relied on the ocean for much of their diet (seafood) |
| What is Shinto? What are kami? | It is the traditional religion of Japan in which nature spirits are believed to be in elements such as the sun, moon, waterfalls, trees, etc.; clan leaders were believed to have been descended from these nature spirits |
| In what ways was Japan influenced by China and Korea? | Three areas of influence were: language (the use of Chinese characters); philosophy (Confucianism shaped Japanese culture and family life); and religion (Buddhism from Korea) |
| Who was Prince Shotoku and what were his two major areas of influence on Japan? | He was a regent who served under his aunt, the Japanese empress during the years 593-621; his major areas of influence on Japan were the spread of Buddhism and the desire to model Japan's government after that of the Chinese (a strengthened emperor) |
| Describe Heian art, clothing, entertainment, literature, life-style… | Life was one of opulence and luxury; beauty and elegance influenced all areas of interest; silks and gold jewelry; bright, bold paintings; poetry and music and drama performances |
| What is the Tale of Genji and why is it significant? | Considered to be one of the world's oldest and best novels, this tale was written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu around the year 1000, and described the lifestyle of the Heian royal court and inspired artists to paint illustrations of events in the story |
| What are the basic beliefs of Zen Buddhism? | Neither faith nor good behavior lead to wisdom - people should practice self-discipline and meditation instead |
| What major effect did the lifestyle of the Heian court nobles have on Japanese society? | While the nobles focused on their lives of courtly elegance, far removed from the rest of Japanese society, powerful nobles fought each other for territory, and Japan became a military society in which samurai became the focus |
| What was the main duty of a samurai warrior? | - to defend his daimyo and his daimyo's property |
| What was the typical payment for samurai military services? | - land, money or food (usually rice) |
| What was the power structure in Japanese military society? (From most powerful to least powerful) | - emperor, shogun, daimyo and samurai, peasants |
| What does it mean when a ruler is described as a “figurehead”? How does this relate to Japanese history? | During the samurai era, the Japanese emperor appeared to rule the country, but the real power rested with the shogun, who ruled Japan in the emperor's name |
| What is Bushido? | the samurai code of conduct; "the way of the warrior"; strict rules for living, including constant bravery and honor |
| What were some things that samurai did to improve their self-discipline? | peaceful rituals such as the art of tea ceremony, flower arranging, writing poetry, Zen meditation |
| How is the samurai tradition evident in modern Japanese society? | Modern Japanese feel a connection to the samurai that shows in their values as a society, such as dedication, discipline, loyalty and honor |
| What event occurred in 1274 and why was it important? | Warring Japanese nobles united to fight the invading Mongols |
| What was similar about the two Mongol attacks on Japan? | During both attacks, the Japanese were aided against the Mongols by a great storm |
| What were the reasons the samurai period came to an end around the 1800s? | Japan adopted a policy of isolationism, which banned guns and limited technological advancements; by the 1800s there was little need for samurai protection anymore |
| What were three things that Japan ended when it adopted a policy of isolationism? | - guns, Christianity, and travel; this combined with very limited technology helped the samurai period last much longer than expected |
| Why did the Chinese keep the silk and porcelain making processes secret? | They wanted to maintain their trade monopoly on these valuable products |
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Oak Crest Middle
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