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Chapter 9
Cardiovascular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| angi/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| ather/o | fatty (lipid) paste |
| pector/o | chest |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| steth/o | chest |
| thromb/o | clot |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| endocardioum | membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
| epicardium | membrane forming the outer layer of the heart |
| interatrial septum | partition between the right and left atria |
| interventricular septum | partition between the right and left ventricles |
| pericardium | protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between |
| visceral pericardium | layer of the pericardium closest to the heart (visceral = pertaining to organ) |
| parietal pericardium | outer layer (parietal=pertaining to wall) |
| pericardial cavity | fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers |
| ventricle | lower right or left chamber of the heart |
| heart valves | structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood |
| aortic valve | heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| mitral valve | heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle (cuspis = point); also called the bicuspid valve |
| bicuspid valve | heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle (cuspis = point); also called the mitral valve |
| pulmonary valve | heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (luna = moon); also called the pulmonary semilunar valve |
| tricuspid valve | valves of the vein |
| arteries | vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the arterioles |
| aorta | large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle |
| arterioles | small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
| capillaries | tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules |
| venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
| veins | vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules |
| systemic circulation | circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues |
| coronary circulation | circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases |
| blood pressure (BP) | measure of the blood within the systemic arteries maintained by the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of arterial walls; measured with a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) for diagnostic purposes |
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