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Chapter 4 Med terms
CNHP 2010 Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cerebell/o | cerebellum (little brain) |
| Cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain) |
| Crani/o | skull |
| Encephal/o | entire brain |
| Esthesi/o | sensation |
| Gangli/o | ganglion (knot) |
| Gli/o | glue |
| Gnos/o | knowing |
| Hypn/o | sleep |
| Kinesi/o | movement |
| Lex/o | word or phrase |
| Mening/o | meninges (membrane) |
| Meningi/o | meninges (membrane) |
| Myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| Narc/o | stupor or sleep |
| Neur/o | nerve |
| Phas/o | speech |
| Phob/o | exaggerated fear or sensitivity |
| Phor/o | carry or bear |
| Phren/o | mind |
| Psych/o | mind |
| Schiz/o | split |
| Somat/o | body |
| Somn/i | sleep |
| Somn/o | sleep |
| Spin/o | spine (thorn) |
| Spondyl/o | vertebra |
| Stere/o | three-dimensional or solid |
| Tax/o | order or coordination |
| Thalam/o | thalamus (a room) |
| Thym/o | mind |
| ton/o | tone or tension |
| top/o | place |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (belly or pouch) |
| Vertebr/o | vertebra |
| cata- | down |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -mania | condition of abnormal impulse toward |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| brain | portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium |
| Cerebrum | largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge a nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie |
| Frontal lobe | anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality |
| parietal lobe | portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch |
| temporal lobe | portion that lies below the frontal lobe; responsible for hearing, taste and smell |
| occipital lobe | portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter; responsible for higher mental functions (cortex = bark) |
| thalamus | each of two masses of gray matter deep within the brain between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex |
| diencephalon | area deep within the brain that contains the thalamus and hypothalamus and is the link between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain-stem; responsible for directing sensory information to the cortex |
| gyri | convulsions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres |
| sulci | shallow groves that separate gyri |
| fissures | deep grooves in the brain |
| cerebellum | portion of the brain located between below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles |
| brainstem | region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature; the three levels are mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata |
| Ventricles | series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord |
| spinal cord | column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and body |
| meninges | three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves) |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain |
| spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
| sensory nerves | nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; also called afferent nerves |
| motor nerves | nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; also called efferent nerves |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands |
| Hypothalamus | control center for the autonomic nervous system located near the pituitary gland |
| sympathetic nervous system | division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations |
| parasympathetic nervous system | division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience |
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Mosun14
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