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Chapter 3

Musculoskeletal System

TermDefinition
ankyl/o crooked or stiff
arthr/o joint
articul/o joint
fasci/o fascia (a band)
fibr/o fiber
kyph/o humpback
lei/o smooth
lord/o bent
lumb/o loins (lower back)
myel/o bone marrow, spinal cord
patell/o knee cap
radi/o radius
rhabd/o rod-shaped or striated
sarc/o flesh
scoli/o twisted
spondyl/o vertebra
stern/o sternum
ten/o tendon (to stretch)
thorac/o chest
ton/o tone or tension
appendicular skeleton bones of the shoulder girdle, pelvis, and limbs
axial skeleton bones of the skill, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone
compact bone tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones
spongy bone or cancellous bone mesh-like bone tissue found inthe interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity
sesamoid bones round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)
epiphysis wide ends of a long bones (physis = growth)
diaphysis shaft of a long bone
metaphysis a growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during the developement of a long bone
endosteum membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
medullary cavity cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
recumbent lying down
supine horizontal recumbent, lying flat on the back
goniometer instruments used to measure joint angles
exostosis a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage
hypotonia reduced muscle tone or tension
tetany tension, prolonged, continuous muscle contraction
ankylosis stiff joint condition
sequestrum bone tissue that has died due to lack of oxygen supply
chrondromalacia softening of cartilage
comminuted fracture bone shattered into many small pieces
spiral fracture fracture line is helical
greenstick fracture bending and incomplete break of bone; most often seen in children
myeloma bone marrow tumor
leiomyoma smooth muscle tumor
leiomyosarcoma malignant smooth muscle tumor
rickets osteomalacia in children
osteomyelitis infection of the bone marrow, causing inflammation
lordosis anterior convex fracture of the lumbar spine
spondylolisthesis forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
Created by: anitaduong
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