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Chapter 2 Med Terms
CNHP 2010 Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adip/o | fat |
| corne/o | horn, hard |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| erythr/o | red |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| hist/o | tissue |
| histi/o | tissue |
| kerat/o | hard |
| leuk/o | white |
| lip/o | fat |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| plas/o | formation |
| purpur/o | purple |
| scler/o | hard |
| seb/o | sebum (oil) |
| squam/o | scale |
| steat/o | fat |
| trich/o | hair |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| epithelium | cellular avascular layer covering external and internal surfaces of the body |
| epidermis | outer layer of the skin |
| stratum corneum | the outer layer of the epidermis, made of several layers of flat keratinized (hard, proteinaceous) cells |
| stratum basale | deepest layer of the epidermis, also called the basal layer |
| melanocyte | cell in the stratum basale that gives color to the skin |
| melanin | dark brown to black pigment in melanocytes |
| dermis | dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin, also known as corium |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands in the skin |
| sebum | oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands |
| sudoriferous glands | sweat glands (sudor=sweat, ferre=to bear) |
| subcutaneous layer | connective and adipose tissue layer just deep to (under) the dermis |
| collagen | protein substance in skin and connective tissue (koila=glue, gen=producing) |
| hair | outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin |
| nail | outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin, at the end of each finger and toe |
| keratin | hard protein material, found in the epidermis, hair, and nails |
| lesion | an area of pathologically altered tissue, types of lesions are primary, secondary, vascular, and purpuric |
| primary lesions | lesions arising from previous normal skin |
| macule | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (example is a freckle) |
| macula | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (example is a freckle) |
| patch | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (example is a vitiligo) |
| papule | a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (example is a nevus also known as a mole) |
| plague | a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin |
| nodule | a solid mass greater than 1 cm that extends deeper into the epidermis |
| tumor | a solid mass larger than 1-2 cm |
| wheal | an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (example is a hive) |
| vesicle | little bladder, an elevated, fluid filled sac (example is a blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter (example is a fever blister) |
| pustule | a pus-filled sac (example is a pimple) |
| secondary lesions | lesions that result in changes to primary lesions |
| erosion | gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (example is an area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle) |
| ulcer | an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection (example is a decubitus ulcer) |
| excoriation | a scratch mark |
| fissure | a linear crack in the skin |
| scale | a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (example is dandruff) |
| bulla | a blister larger than 0.5 cm (example is a second-degree burn) (bulla = bubble) |
| crust | a dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (example is as seen in impetigo) |
| vascular lesions | lesions of a blood vessel |
| cherry angioma | a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, seen mostly in people over the age of 30 |
| telangiectasia | a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos = end); also called spider angioma |
| spider angioma | a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos = end); also called telangiectasia |
| purpuric lesions | purpura, lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin |
| petechia | spot, reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency, a small purpura |
| ecchymosis | bruise, a black and blue mark, a large purpura (chymo=juice) |
| cicatrix of the skin | a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar) |
| keloid | an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thicker or irregular (kele=tumor) |
| neoplasm | abnormal tissue that grows more rapidly than normal cellular proliferation |
| nevus | a benign localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells on the skin present at birth or appearing early in life that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole |
| dysplastic nevus | a mole with precancerous changes |
| verruca | an epidermal growth caused by a papilloma virus, also called a wart |
| acne | Inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by comedones, pustules or nodules on the skin. |
| albinism | A hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the skin, hair, and eyes). |
| burn | injury to body tissue caused by hear, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases |
| first degree burn | a burn involving only the epidermis; characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation) also called superficial burn |
| second degree burn | a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters); also called partial-thickness burn |
| third degree burn | A burn that involves destruction of entire skin: epidermis, dermis and extends into the subcutaneous layer |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin characterized by erythema, pruritus (itching), and various lesions |
| dermatosis | any disorder of the skin |
| exanthematous viral disease | an eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema=eruption) |
| rubella | an acute but mild disease caused by rubella virus, also called German Measles |
| rubeola | a term used for measles |
| varicella | an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus - chicken pox |
| eczema | generic term of inflammation conditions of the skin characterized by inflamed papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning |
| furuncle | boil, a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle, caused by staphylococcus, also called boil |
| carbuncle | skin infection composed of a cluster of bills cause by staphylococcal bacteria |
| abscess | a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by inflamed surrounding tissue, which heals when drained |
| gangrene | death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply |
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Mosun14
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