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H-II mid year top30
Thirty terms to know without a word bank for the mid-year exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The saint from northern Spain who founded the Jesuits and was an important figure in the Catholic (or counter-) Reformation. | St. Ignatius of Loyola |
| The Italian astronomer and physicist who discovered the moons of Jupiter, supported the heliocentric view of the solar system (for which he was persecuted by the Church), and contributed to an understanding of the physical laws of motion. | Galileo |
| The second Tudor king of England, who had six wives; to divorce his first he broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. | Henry VIII |
| The second surviving daughter of King Henry VIII and the last of the Tudor monarchs; during her reign the Church of England was re-established, England defeated the Spanish Armada, and England enjoyed a long period of relative peace and prosperity. | Elizabeth 1 |
| One of the greatest scientific geniuses of all time, he was the Englishman who discovered gravity, invented (with Leibniz) the calculus, and described mathematically the laws of motion. | Isaac Newton |
| The German Catholic monk who began the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Church’s teachings and practices, especially concerning the selling of indulgences. | Martin Luther |
| The leader of the Massachusetts Bay colonists, who gave a sermon on the deck of the Arbella about their mission to establish a “city on a hill,” and who crafted legal and moral arguments to avoid paying the Indians for the land they settled. | John Winthrop |
| The Mongol conqueror of China, who established the Yuan dynasty there and whose court Marco Polo visited and served. | Kublai Khan |
| The first great Mongol ruler, whose vast conquests established the Mongol empire in Asia. | Genghis Khan |
| Arguably the greatest genius of the Renaissance – inventor, artist, thinker, visionary. Noted especially for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. | Leonardo da Vinci |
| The “Sun King”, the greatest king and of France during the Baroque period. He was the absolute monarch par excellence, who is often credited with saying “L’etat c’est moi,” or in English, “I am the State.” | Louis XIV |
| The late Renaissance sculptor, artist and architect famous for La Pietà and the frescos in the Sistine Chapel. | Michelangelo |
| The German/Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric view of the universe. | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| The officer in the Parliamentary or Roundhead forces who rose to command them to victory and became Lord-Protector of England during the Commonwealth. | Oliver Cromwell |
| The oldest surviving daughter of Henry VIII, who became queen after the death of her brother, Edward VI. She tried forcibly, but in the long run unsuccessfully, to restore Catholicism and was extremely unpopular. | Mary I ("Bloody Mary") |
| The name given to a period in art, as well as a style, marked by emotionalism, complexity, and elaborate, often grandiose, design elements. | baroque |
| The movement in society away from religion or a religiously-influenced perspective on events. | secularism |
| A Spanish adventurer and conqueror of the New World (the generic term, not a particular individual). | conquistador |
| The idea that governing power should be concentrated in the hands of a monarch and his or her advisors. | absolutism |
| The type of theory that says the earth is at the center of the universe or solar system (two possible answers) | geocentric or Ptolomaic |
| A French Protestant (the generic term, not a particular individual) | Huguenot |
| The theory of absolutism that says that monarchs have the God-given authority to rule. | divine right |
| The document published in 1517 that questioned many Church teachings and practices, especially the granting of indulgences, and which eventually led to the Protestant Reformation. | 95 Theses |
| A rise in the general price level of an economy, or, what amounts to the same thing, a fall in the value of money. | inflation |
| The term means literally, “rebirth;” the period and style in European arts that followed the late Medieval or Gothic period and which was marked by humanism and a revival of classical Greek and Roman styles. | Renaissance |
| The movement in intellectual thought of the late 17th and 18th centuries that exalted human reason and applied the precepts of the Scientific Revolution to political, social and economic relations. | the Enlightenment |
| The procedure, first articulated by Francis Bacon, that enabled investigators to understand the natural world better by testing hypotheses with systematic observation. | scientific method |
| The grand palace constructed by Louis XIV outside Paris as a symbol and instrument of his power. | Versailles |
| The world-changing effects of the intercontinental movement of people, plants, animals, and diseases after 1492. | Columbian Exchange |
| An English Protestant who wanted to rid the Church of England of elements of ritual and doctrine that were felt to be corruptions introduced by Roman Catholicism. | Puritan |
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dhart
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