Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PHARMACOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allopurinol mechanism and warnings | Inhibits Xanthine oxidase from converting xanthine from purines to uric acid. May make gout worse briefly so coprescribe with NSAID or colchicine for one month after uric acid levels Don't Start during acute gout attacks |
| Ticyclic antidepressants examples | amytriptyline, lofepramine |
| How do tricyclic antidepressants work? | Inhibit neuronal reuptake of 5-HT (serotonin) and noradrenaline to make more avaliable for neurotransmission. Also block receptors like muscurinic, histamine, Alpha-adrenergic, dopamine receptors |
| antiviral drug for herpes virus. | aciclovir |
| Which 3 are in the herpesvirus family | Herpesvirus 1, 2, varicella zoster |
| How does aciclovir work? | Inhibits Herpes specific DNA polymerase |
| Bisphosphonates eg | alendronic acid, disodium pamidronate, zoleronic acid |
| Bisphosphonates mechanism | inhibit action of osteoclasts, reducing bone turnover |
| Bisphosphonates side effects | Oesophagitis Hypophosphataemia Rare- osteonecrosis of jaw Atypical femoral fracture |
| Calcium and Vit D indications | Osteoporosis Chronic kidney disease to treat and prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism Severe hyperkalaemia to prevent arrhythmias Vit D in prevention and tx of rickets and osteomalacia |
| Corticosteroids indications | Inflammatory arthritis allergic reactions Autoimmune diseases Some cancers adrenal insufficiency hypopituitarism |
| Corticosteroids eg 3 | prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethazone |
| Corticosteroids mechanism | GLUCOCORTICOID effects- upregulate anti-inflammatory genes and downregulate proinflammatory genes. Increased gluconeogenesis. MINERALOCORTICOID effects- stimulate Na+ and K+ excretion in renal tubule |
| prolonged corticosteroid use can cause what | adrenal atrophy, relies on the drug and can't make cortisol well. --> Addisonian crisis if stopped quickly, |
| 1st line treatments for neuropathic pain (two) | gabapentin and pregabalin |
| gabapentin and pregabalin mechanism | Binds with presynaptic Ca channels --> inhibitory effect |
| Macrolides indications | 1. resp, skin, soft tiss infections. 2. In severe pneumonia added to penicillin to cover atypical organisms 3. eradication of helicobacter pylori eg causing peptic ulcer disease |
| Methotrexate mechanism | Inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE, which converts dietary folic acid tetrahydrofolate (FH4). FH4 required for DNA and protein synthesis so lack of FH4 prevents cellular replication |
| Methotrexate side effects 2 and warning! | Mucosal damage- GI upset, sore throat Bone marrow suppression- neutropenia AVOID IN PREGNANCY DON'T GIVE WITH TRIMETHOPRIM |
| NSAIDs mechanism | Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid by inhibiting: COX-1- constitutive form needed for endothelial linings COX-2- SELECTIVE- inducible form expressed in response to inflam stimuli |
| NSAIDs side effects | Indigestion common, GI toxicity, renal impairment, inc risk of CV events. Give with PPI |
| NSAID examples | Naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, asparin, etoricoxib |
| Ocular lubricants | hypromellose |
| Opioids examples | Oxycodone, morphine (oromorph), meptazinol (best for eldery, doesn't constipate), fentanyl, tramadol, codeine |
| Opioids mechanisms | Activation of opioid mu receptors of CNS that reduce neuronal excitability and pain transmission |
| Opioids side effects | Respiratory depression Nausea and vomiting pupillary constriction Constipation Itching dependence |
| Paracetamol mechanism | Weak inhibitor of COX-2 specifically. Reduce Prostaglandin E2. |
| Penicillins mechanisms. How has resistance developed. | Inhibit enzymes responsible for making side chains in bacterial cell wall. |
| First line tx for Plasmodia falciparum malaria | Quinine |
| 1st line drug for UTI | Trimethoprim |
| Trimethoprim action | Inhibits bacterial folate synthesis |
| What to take with methotrexate and when? | Folic acid to prevent neg side effects. On different day to methotrexate. |
| Sulfasalazine side effects | Nausea and GI intolerance Rarer- leukopenia |
| Hydrocholoroquine used for what, and side effects? | SLE and RA Ocular toxicity |
| leflunomide mech | Inhibits dihydro-orate dehydrogenase |
| Azathioprine uses and mechanism | vasculitis and SLE Inhibits 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) which blocks lymphocyte prolipheration by inhibiting DNA synth |
| Main side effect of biologics | Immunosuppression |
| How does Anti-TNF therapy work? | Monoclonal antibodies that bind to and neutralise TNF (a proinflammatory cytokine). Anti IL-17A therapy shown to be equally effective |
| Rituximab and how does it work? | third-line tx when TNF inhibitors ineffective. Antibody against CD20 receptor expressed on B-lymphocytes |
Created by:
BadhA2013
Popular Medical sets